Profilactic role of simvastatin and mitomycin C in tracheal stenosis after tracheal damage: Study in rats

Abstract

Objectives: We aimed to investigate the prophylactic effect simvastatin of and mitomycin C (MMC) on laryngeal and tracheal stenosis in tracheotomised rats by histopathological evaluation of laryngotracheal segment. Randomized prospective single-blind. Material and method: Standard vertical tracheotomy was performed on 24 rats. Then the animals were randomly divided into three groups as A, B and C. In group A 0.4 mg/day once daily mitomycin C was injected to the paratracheal region for 14 days. In group B daily 30 mg/kg/day simvastatin was given via gavage to rats for 14 days. In group C 2 cc/day intraperitoneal saline given to rats and the created control group by 14 days follow up. After 10 days, tracheal cannulas were removed. Three weeks later, all animals were euthanized and trachea specimens were harvested. The present study investigates the effects of MMC and Simvastatin on fibrosis, inflammation, stenosis index and tracheal wall thickness in a tracheal injury model. Results: The difference between the groups in terms of degree of inflammation scores was statistically insignificant (P = 0,187). Differences between the groups were found to be insignificant in terms of the preventionof fibrosis (P = 0,993). There was no significant difference between groups in terms of stenosis index (P = 0.645). In terms of wall thickness, control, simvastatin and mitomycin C groups were statistically different (p = 0.038). The difference between post-hoc test results was between Mitomycin C and control groups (p = 0.036). Maximum wall thickness in the MMC group (0,299 mm) was significantly lower compared to the control group (0,382 mm)(P < 0,0001). Maximum wall thickness was statistically lower in the simvastatin (0.324 mm) group compared with the control group (0.382 mm) (P < 0.0001). There was no statistically significant difference between the simvastatin group (0,198 mm) and control group (0,200 mm) with respect to minimum wall thickness (P = 0.982). Minimum wall thickness was significantly lower in the mitomycin-C group (0,160 mm) comparison to the control group (0,200 mm) (P < 0.0001). Conclusion: It was detected that the simvastatin and MMC is not effective in preventing the tracheal stenosis, inflammation and fibrosis formation.