Langerhans cell histiocytosis: diagnosis on thyroid aspirate and effective treatment with systemic chemotherapy

Abstract

Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a disease with monoclonal proliferation and infiltration of organs by Langerhans cells. LCH is commonly seen in the skeletal system and skin, but it may also involve parenchymal organs. Thyroid involvement in LCH is an unusual presentation. The treatment of LCH of the thyroid remains unclear because of insufficient data. Here, we present a patient with LCH who had thyroid involvement. She had a lesion in the thyroid, which was detected coincidentally. The diagnosis was made by thyroid aspiration. The patient was treated with systemic chemotherapy and after therapy, the lesion disappeared completely and the patient became euthyroid.