Low Serum Magnesium Level Can be a Risk Factor for Retinopathy in Diabetic Patients: A Cross-Sectional Controlled Study

Abstract

Aim: Uncontrolled diabetes can lead to complications which are related to high blood sugar and insulin resistance (IR). A decrease in serum magnesium (Mg) levels can cause an increase in IR and a worsening of glycaemic control. In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between diabetic retinopathy (DR) and serum Mg levels. Methods: The study was designed as a cross-sectional study in the internal medicine department of a tertiary referral center (Adana Numune Training and Research Hospital) in Turkey. A total of 554 subjects, including 176 patients with DR patients, 209 patients without DR, and 169 healthy individuals were included in this study. Serum fasting glucose levels, insulin levels, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), HbA1c percentages, and Mg levels were measured for all subjects. Results: Serum Mg level was lower in patients with DR (p<0.001). Furthermore; HOMA-IR, HbA1c and fasting glucose levels were higher in patients with DR (p<0.001, respectively). Incidence of DR was associated with serum Mg levels (odds ratio: 2.1, confidence interval: 95% 1.2-3.6, p=0.005). Conclusion: Low Mg level can lead to retinopathy by impairing glucose homeostasis. In patients with diabetes, Mg levels should be checked since Mg may be a supporting treatment.