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    A Single Center Experience of Parathyroid Carcinoma Which Is Less Common Among Parathyroid Tumors
    (2019) Erdoğan, Ahmet; Çetinkaya, Erdinç; Erdoğan, Kübra; Şahin, Samet; Üçkan, Enes Malik; Özkan, Murat Bulut; Tez, Mesut
    INTRODUCTION: Parathyroid tumors can be divided into three groups: parathyroid adenoma, atypical parathyroid adenoma and parathyroid carcinoma. Parathyroid carcinoma is the less common one among these. Parathyroid carcinomas account for approximately 0,005% of all cancers and 1% of primary hyperparathyroidism cases. In this study, we wanted to share our experience of parathyroid carcinoma which is not common. MATERIAL and METHODS: Of 375 patients who were operated with pre-diagnosis of parathyroid adenoma in Ankara Numune Training and Research Hospital Department of General Surgery between 2008 and 2015; 12 patients whose pathology result could not clearly identify a parathyroid carcinoma and could differentiate a carcinoma from an adenoma were examined retrospectively. RESULTS: Of the patients; 5 (41,6%) were observed to be male and 7 (58,4%) were observed to be female. Mean age was 54,5 (±8,40) and the age range was between 41 and 68. Mean preoperative calcium value was 12,3(±1,33) mg/dL and the range was between 10,9 and 15,3. The pathology results were as “a parathyroid carcinoma” in 4 patients, “a parathyroid neoplasm” in 4 patients, “a parathyroid neoplasm with undetermined malignant potential” in 3 patients and “malignancy could not be discarded” in 1 patient. Mean follow-up duration of the patients was 61,8 months (±17,05) and the range was between 35 and 96 months. 1 patient received chemotherapy and the same patient died on the month 55 during follow-ups. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: In those with severe preoperative hypocalcemia symptoms, those with a calcium value higher than 14mg/dL, in cases when parathormone level is significantly higher and in cases when parathyroid gland is palpated, parathyroid carcinomas are suspected. For treatment of a parathyroid carcinoma, neck exploration, en-bloc removal of the tumor and ipsilateral lobectomy of thyroid are required. If pathology results are suspicious in regard to malignancy, and then the patient is closely followed-up.
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    Analysis of risk factors for rectus sheath hematoma
    (College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan, 2021) Erkent, Murathan; Topcu, Ramazan; Özkan, Murat Bulut; Yıldırım, Murat Baki; Aslan, Orhan; Sezikli, İsmail
    Objective: To evaluate the risk factors for developing rectus sheath hematoma (RSH). Study Design: An observational study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of General Surgery, Hitit University School of Medicine, Erol Olcok Training and Research Hospital, Turkey; from January 2018 to April 2020. Methodology: Patients with RSH were studied. Those with other pathologies in rectus sheath, and repeat studies, were excluded. Demographic data, presenting symptoms, comorbidities, medications administered containing anticoagulant drugs, imaging results, laboratory findings, coagulation parameters, length of hospital stay, treatments administered, type of RSH, morbidity, mortality and risk factors of increased bleeding diathesis, were recorded. Results: Of the 61 studied patients, 56 (91.8%) had at least one chronic disease, and 77% were receiving anticoagulation therapy. RSH size was significantly larger for patients taking acetylsalicylic acid than for patients taking other anticoagulants, and an RSH area less than 1,924 mm2 was associated with increased length of hospital stay. Binary logistic regression analysis showed that a unit increase in gender was associated with a 1.5-fold increase in the risk of greater RSH size, and that female gender was associated with a 45.3-fold risk of increase in the risk of RSH. Notably, if up to 4 units of erythrocyte suspension replacement is not applied for conservative treatment of RSH, RSH size may increase by 23.5 times. Conclusion: Risk factors of RSH include chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, congestive heart failure, coronary artery disease, atrial fibrillation, asthma, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, chronic renal failure, prior abdominal surgery, female sex, older age, anticoagulant drug use and cancer-related immunosuppression. © 2021 College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan. All rights reserved.
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    The Effect of L-Hook Dissection and Scissors Dissection on Liver Injury in Laparoscopic Cholecystectomies
    (Cureus Inc, 2021) Yıldırım, Murat Baki; Özkan, Murat Bulut; Topcu, Ramazan
    Purpose: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is generally performed with the help of monopolar cautery. We aimed to reveal the effect of monopolar cautery use on liver damage in this study. Method: Data of patients who underwent elective cholecystectomy between January 2016 and April 2020 were collected retrospectively. The patients were divided into two groups according to the surgical technique as hook dissection (HI)) and scissor dissection (SD). The amount of increase in the preoperative and postoperative alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) values of the patients was compared between the two groups. Findings: Over 970 patients were included in the study. The changes in pre-post ALT and AST values were statistically significantly different between the HD (n=469) and SD (n=501) groups (p<0.001; p0.001). ALT (26 (-25, 338)) and AST (27 (-23, 444)) changes in the HD method were statistically significantly higher than ALT (11 (-16, 371)) and AST (10.8 (-37, 617)) changes in the SD method. Results: ALT and AST values increase after all laparoscopic cholecystectomies. Although the increase in ALT and AST in the HD patients is statistically significant when compared to the SD group, both methods of laparoscopic cholecystectomy can be safely performed because they do not cause permanent liver injury.