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    Effect of short-term aerobic and combined training program on body composition, lipids profile and psychological health in premenopausal women
    (Elsevier Masson SAS, 2017) Arslan, Erşan; Can, Sema; Demirkan, Erkan
    Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of short-term (eight weeks) aerobic and combined training program on the body composition, lipids profile and psychological health (depression), and to compare which training method is more effective in middle-aged premenopausal sedentary women. Methods Sixty-four women aged 35–45 years (age = 38.8 ± 3.0 years) were divided into three groups: Aerobic training, Combined training and the control group and women exercised during eight weeks. The subjects’ body composition was measured with anthropometric tape and skinfold caliper and also body fat percentage, fat mass and lean body mass were estimated using BIA. Total cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein and also Beck Depression Inventory scores were registered at before and after eight weeks training. Results Aerobic training and combined training showed significant differences in fat percentage (?2.6%?, ?4.2%?, and 0.2%?, P = 0.044 respectively) and fat mass (?5.5%?, ?5.7%?, and 1.1%?, P = 0.034 respectively) compared to the control group. Considering the waist circumference, there was a significant difference only between the combined training and control group (?1.3%?, ?2.6%?, and 0.5%?, P = 0.048 respectively). Aerobic training and combined training groups showed significant differences in total cholesterol (?7.9%?, ?9.7%?, and 0.9%?, P = 0.022 respectively), triglyceride (?5.8%?, ?6.9%?, and 2.0%?, respectively, P = 0.012), atherogenic index (?13.5%?, ?16.0%?, and 2.3%?, P = 0.000 respectively) and Beck Depression Inventory score (?26.2%?, ?24.7%?, and 8.7%?, P = 0.047 respectively) compared to the control group. Conclusion The results of this study suggest that both training methods could be used for loosing body weight, fat mass and fat percentage for middle-aged women. Although the combined training seems a little more efficient, aerobic training is also practically easier in order to control and maintain in a large scale training groups.
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    Güncel bakış açısı ile fiziksel aktivite
    (2014) Can, Sema; Arslan, Erşan; Ersöz, Gülfem
    Teknolojik ilerlemeler, iş yaşamı ve kentleşme sonucu azalan fiziksel aktivite insan sağlığı üzerinde olumsuz rol oynamakta, düzenli olarak yapılan fiziksel aktivite (FA) ise; obezite, kardio-vasküler hastalıklar, Tip 2 diyabet ve kanser gibi hastalıklar ile meydana gelen mortalite riskini azaltarak, yaşam kalitesinde artış sağlamaktadır. 2012 yılı Dünya Sağlık Örgütü (World Health Organization-WHO) verilerine göre ülkemizde hastalıklara bağlı ölüm oranları kardiovasküler hastalıklarda %48, kanserde %21, Tip 2 diyabette %3.5 olarak belirlenmiş olup, düzenli FA ve hareketli yaşam ile önlenebilecek hastalık yüzdeleri koroner kalp hastalıklarında %9.3, meme kanserinde %16.3, kolon kanserinde %16.6, Tip 2 diyabette %11.5 olarak öngörülmektedir. Bununla birlikte uzun süreli yapılan çalışmalarda düzenli FA'nın kan basıncını düşürdüğü, insülin duyarlılığını artırdığı, kan lipid profilinde iyileşmeye neden olduğu, depresyon ve anksiyeteyi de azalttığı belirtilmektedir. Bu göstergeler ışığında Amerikan Spor Hekimliği Koleji (American College of Sports Medicine-ACSM) ve Hastalıkları Kontrol ve Önleme Merkezi (Centres for Disease Control and Prevention-CDC) gibi kuruluşlar egzersizlerin tipi, şiddeti, süresi ve sıklığı göz önüne alınarak bireye özel, aerobik kapasiteyi geliştiren, kas kuvveti ve esnekliği artıran egzersiz reçetelerinin hazırlanması ve bunların düzenli olarak yapılması gerektiğini belirtmektedir. Halk sağlığı programlarında aerobik egzersizlerin genellikle büyük kas gruplarına yönelik ritmik ve dinamik özellikte, maksimal kalp atım hızının %50-80 aralığında, haftada 3-7 gün, ortalama 20-60 dakika/gün süreli yapılması önerilirken; kuvvet egzersizlerinin ise 1 tekrarlı maksimalin %60-80'i ile haftada 2-3 gün, 8-10 hareket çeşidi, 2-3 set ve 8-12 tekrarlı olarak yapılması tavsiye edilmektedir.
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    Multi-instrument assessment of physical activity in female office workers
    (Walter de Gruyter GmbH, 2016) Can, Sema; Gündüz, Nevin; Arslan, Erşan; Biernat, Elzbieta; Ersöz, Gülfem; Kilit, Bülent
    Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine the multi-instrument assessment of physical activity in female office workers. Material and Methods: Fifty healthy women (age (mean ± standard deviation): 34.8±5.9 years, body height: 158±0.4 cm, body weight: 61.8±7.5 kg, body mass index: 24.6±2.7 kg/m2) workers from the same workplace volunteered to participate in the study. Physical activity was measured with the 7-day Physical Activity Assessment Questionnaire (7-d PAAQ), an objective multi-sensor armband tool, and also a waist-mounted pedometer, which were both worn for 7 days. Results: A significant correlation between step numbers measured by armband and pedometer was observed (r = 0.735), but the step numbers measured by these 2 methods were significantly different (10 941±2236 steps/day and 9170±2377 steps/day, respectively; p < 0.001). There was a weak correlation between the value of 7-d PAAQ total energy expenditure and the value of armband total energy expenditure (r = 0.394, p = 0.005). However, total energy expenditure values measured by armband and 7-d PAAQ were not significantly different (2081±370 kcal/day and 2084±197 kcal/day, respectively; p = 0.96). In addition, physical activity levels (average daily metabolic equivalents (MET)) measured by armband and 7-d PAAQ were not significantly different (1.45±0.12 MET/day and 1.47±0.24 MET/day, respectively; p = 0.44). Conclusions: The results of this study showed that the correlation between pedometer and armband measurements was higher than that between armband measurements and 7-d PAAQ self-reports. Our results suggest that none of the assessment methods examined here, 7-d PAAQ, pedometer, or armband, is sufficient when used as a single tool for physical activity level determination. Therefore, multi-instrument assessment methods are preferable.
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    Physical activity measurement by SWA in employees: Weekdays and weekend
    (PPHU Projack, 2017) Can, Sema; Karaca, Ayda; Arslan, Erşan; Biernat, Elzbieta
    Introduction: The purpose of this study was to identify the levels of physical activity level during the weekdays and weekend both female and male employees. Method: A total of 58 volunteer employees participated in this study of which 20 were male (Mage 32.50 ± 8.82) and 38 were female (Mage 34.24 ± 6.25). Anthropometric measurements were performed after an overnight fast for each participant. After anthropometric measurements, daily physical activity levels were measured continuously with the Sense Wear Armband (BodyMedia, USA) monitor, worn on the dominant arm triceps muscle on free-living individuals for a during of seven days. Whether the number of steps, physical activity level (PAL) and inactivity time change depending on the days of the week and the gender was calculated in repetitive measurements with one-way analysis of variance. For globosity variance validity, Mauchly's test was used. For the variables which cannot be replaced for globosity variance, Greenhouse-Geisser test was used. Results: According to daily step numbers, women are slight active and men are active (9479±3468; 11338±3297 step/day respectively) (p > 0.05). Daily mean PAL is on sedentary/light level both for women and men (1.55±0.19; 1.61±0.28 kcal·kg-1·hr-1 respectively) (p > 0.05). According to days of the week, a statistical difference was found between the daily step numbers in men and women (p < 0.05). While there was a statistically significant difference in PAL averages among women (p < 0.05), there was no statistical difference in men (p > 0.05). While PAL value was the highest in weekdays and lowest on Sunday for both genders, the day with the longest inactivity time was found to be Sunday. Women's daily mean inactivity time was founder to be longer than men (1264±69; 1205±107 min·day-1 respectively) (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Both men and women take more than 10000 steps only in weekdays. PAL of both women and men in weekdays and weekend is at sedentary/light activity level. The most active days for both genders are in weekdays, while Sunday is the least active day. © 2017 Physical Activity Review.
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    Physiological responses and match characteristics in professional tennis players during a one-hour simulated tennis match
    (Polish Academy of Science, Committee of Physical Culture, 2016) Kilit, Bülent; Şenel, Ömer; Arslan, Erşan; Can, Sema
    The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of serve and return game situations on physiological responses and match characteristics in professional male tennis players during one hour-long simulated singles tennis matches. Ten internationally ranked tennis players (age 22.2 ± 2.8 years; body height 180.7 ± 4.4 cm; body mass 75.9 ± 8.9 kg) participated in this study. Their physiological responses were measured using two portable analyzers during indoor hard court matches. Ratings of perceived exertion were also determined at the end of the game. The variables describing the characteristics of the matches determined from video recordings were: (a) duration of rallies; (b) rest time; (c) work-to-rest ratio; (d) effective playing time; and (d) strokes per rally. Significant differences (p<0.05) were found between serving and returning conditions in an hour-long simulated singles tennis match in terms of oxygen uptake, a heart rate, ratings of perceived exertion, pulmonary ventilation, respiration frequency and a respiratory gas exchange ratio. In addition, both the heart rate and ratings of perceived exertion responses were moderately correlated with the duration of rallies and strokes per rally (r = 0.60 to 0.26; p<0.05). Taken together, these results indicate that the serve game situation has a significant effect on the physiological response in an hour-long simulated tennis match between professional male tennis players. These findings might be used for the physiological adaptations required for tennis-specific aerobic endurance. © Editorial Committee of Journal of Human Kinetics 2016.
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    Physiological responses and time-motion characteristics of young tennis players: comparison of serve vs. return games and winners vs. losers matches
    (Routledge, 2017) Kilit, Bülent; Arslan, Erşan
    The aim of this study was to compare the physiological responses and time-motion characteristics of young tennis players between serve vs. return games and winners vs. losers matches during simulated tennis match play. Heart rate (HR) and skin temperature (ST) were monitored along with total distance covered in four different speed zones—walking, low-intensity running, moderate-intensity running and high-intensity running, using two portable multivariable integrated 10 Hz GPS monitoring devices over fourteen outdoor clay court matches; ratings of perceived exertion were also determined at the end of the game. Variables describing the characteristics of the matches determined from video recordings were: strokes per rally, rally duration, effective playing time, work-to-rest ratio and rest time between rallies. The results showed no significant differences in physiological responses and time-motion characteristics both serve vs. return games and winners vs. losers matches (p >.05). These findings might be used for the training programmes in order to improve the tennis-specific technical and performance required for young tennis players. © 2017 Cardiff Metropolitan University.
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    Sporcu ve sedanter kadınlarda günlük enerji harcaması ve fiziksel aktivite düzeylerinin karşılaştırılması
    (Ankara Üniversitesi, 2016) Arslan, Erşan; Aras, Dicle; Can, Sema
    Bu çalışmanın amacı; sporcu ve sedanter kadınların günlük enerji harcaması ve fiziksel aktivite düzeylerinin incelenmesidir. Çalışmaya 3 triatlet, 5 spor kaya tırmanışı sporcusu, 7 masa başı çalışan kadın ve 8 ev hanımı [ortalama yaş 35,30 ± 8,53 yıl; boy uzunluğu 160,57 ± 5,53 cm; vücut ağırlığı 58,23 ± 8,53 kg; beden kütle indeksi (BKİ) 22,62 ± 3,37 kg/m2] olmak üzere toplam 23 kişi gönüllü olarak katılmıştır. Beden kütle indeksinin belirlenmesini takiben 2 gün süre ile katılımcıların dominant kollarına takılan metabolik holter ile günlük enerji harcamaları ve fiziksel aktivite düzeyleri ölçülmüştür. Çalışma sonucunda ulaşılan parametreler; toplam enerji harcaması, aktif enerji harcaması, toplam, ortalama, zorlu ve çok zorlu fiziksel aktivite süreleri, ortalama MET, sedanter yaşam süresi, yatma süresi, uyku süresi ve toplam adım sayısıdır. Bulgular incelendiğinde fiziksel olarak aktif olan gruplarda (triatlet ve tırmanıcı); enerji harcaması değerlerinin ve fiziksel aktivite sürelerinin fazla, sedanter yaşam sürelerinin ise kısa olduğu görülmektedir. Bununla birlikte dört grup arasında zorlu (6-9 MET), çok zorlu (9 MET üzeri) fiziksel aktivite düzeyleri ile yatma ve uyku süreleri arasında fark bulunmamıştır. Ayrıca bazı enerji harcaması ve süresi parametreleriyle BKİ, yaş, vücut ağırlığı ve boy uzunluğu gibi tanımlayıcı parametreler arasında ilişki bulunmuştur. Buna göre; günlük enerji harcaması ve fiziksel aktivite düzeyi arasında güçlü bir korelasyon olduğu ve egzersizin sağlığa olumlu katkıları düşünüldüğünde, çalışan kadınların ve ev hanımlarının düzenli fiziksel aktiviteyi günlük yaşantılarına katmaları gerektiği sonuçlarına ulaşılmaktadır
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    The comparison of reaction time of male tennis players, table tennis players and the ones who don’t exercise at all in 10 to 12 age groups
    (Niğde University, 2014) Can, Sema; Kilit, Bülent; Arslan, Erşan; Suveren, Salih
    Bu çalışma, 10-12 yaş grubu erkek tenis, masa tenisi sporcusu ve spor yapmayan bireylerin reaksiyon zamanlarının karşılaştırılması amacıyla yapılmıştır. Araştırmaya ortalama yaşı 11,99±0,81 yıl, ortalama boy uzunluğu 150,76±7,73 cm, ortalama vücut ağırlığı 42,20±8,35 kg, antrenman yaşı 3,7±1,2 yıl olan 17 tenis oyuncusu, 18 masa tenisi oyuncusu ve 16 spor yapmayan birey olmak üzere toplam 51 sağlıklı birey gönüllü katılmıştır. Katılımcılar testler hakkında bilgilendirilmiş ve boy, vücut ağırlığı ölçümü sonrasında görsel ve işitsel reaksiyon zamanları Power 2000 New Test/Finland ölçüm aracı ile ölçülmüştür. Gruplar arasında ortalama reaksiyon zamanı değerlerindeki farkın belirlenmesi için SPSS 15,0 paket programında p<0,05 istatistiksel anlamlılık düzeyinde Tek Yönlü Varyans Analizi (ANOVA) testi, gruplar arasında fark çıkması durumunda ise çoklu karşılaştırma (Scheffe Post Hoc) testi kullanılmıştır. Sonuç olarak, masa tenisi sporcularının ortalama reaksiyon zamanı değerleri ile tenis sporcularının ve spor yapmayan bireylerin reaksiyon zamanı değerleri arasında anlamlı farklılık bulunmuştur (p<0,05).