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    Genetic characterization of Turkish cultivated emmer wheat [Triticum turgidum L. ssp. dicoccon (Schrank) Thell.] landraces based on isoenzyme analysis
    (2013) Özbek, Özlem; Göçmen Taşkın, Belgin; Keskin Şan, Sibel; Eser, Vehbi; Arslan, Orhan
    Nineteen landrace populations of Turkish cultivated emmer wheat [Triticum turgidum L. ssp. dicoccon (Schrank) Thell.] were characterized in terms of three isoenzyme [Endopeptidase-1, Aminopeptidase-1 and Aminopeptidase-2] systems, by isoelectric focusing gel electrophoresis. For overall loci, the mean number of alleles and effective alleles were observed as 2.00 and 1.37, respectively. The mean value of gene diversity and average gene diversity, in overall loci, were detected as 0.23 and 0.07, respectively. Actual genetic differentiation and gene flow between different populations were calculated as 0.19 and 0.11, respectively. Pearson's correlation and multiple regression analyses indicated that eco-geographical variables have significant effects on isoenzyme genetic diversity. Landraces that have desirable agronomical and immunological resistance traits that makes them adaptable to climate change and different eco-geographical conditions are important genetic resources to utilise for the improvement of future crops of modern wheat varieties. There is a need to assess the genetic structure and genetic composition of important agronomical characters and to determine the magnitude of the genetic diversity currently conserved in the germplasm of landraces, both in farm fields and in ex situ collections and finally, strategies for the effective use of landraces, particularly of emmer wheat, should be planned and implemented in Turkey were discussed.
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    Gliadin polymorphism in Turkish cultivated emmer wheat [Triticum turgidum L. ssp. dicoccon (Schrank) Thell.] landraces
    (2011) Özbek, Özlem; Göçmen Taşkın, Belgin; Keskin Şan, Sibel; Eser, Vehbi; Arslan, Orhan
    Gliadin polymorphism in 19 landrace populations of Turkish cultivated emmer wheat [Triticum turgidum L. ssp. dicoccon (Schrank) Thell.] was assessed using the aluminum lactic acid-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (A-PAGE) technique. Being a source of useful genes, landraces of wheat represent one of the most important genetic resources available to breeders for present and future genetic improvement of wheat. This is the first genetic characterization of these 19 Turkish emmer wheat landrace populations collected from their main cultivation areas. Considerably high amounts of variation were detected within and among the populations. A total of 27 alleles (na) were identified among all analyzed populations, 10 of them being unique to populations C, D, H, K, L, M, and N. The highest allele number (na = 7) was observed in populations A and L, whereas the lowest number of alleles (na = 3) was observed in populations F, G, and U. The mean number of effective alleles (nae) was 12.33, and the mean values of gene diversity, genetic differentiation, and gene flow between populations were He = 0.92, FST = 0.296, and Nm = 0.60, respectively. Certain gliadins closely linked to dough quality, such as ?-45 and ?-35, were found in 13 and 18 of the populations, respectively. According to Pearson's correlation coefficient values, gene diversity estimates had strong positive correlation (rP = 0.510; p = 0.026 at <0.05%) with latitude. The rest of the genetic data (na and nae) obtained in the present study showed no correlation with geographic (altitude, latitude, and longitude) or climatic factors (temperature and annual rainfall). Principal component analysis was performed to explain spatial genetic variation, revealing 90.044% of total genetic variation in three components. Results obtained from this study can effectively be used in developing more efficient breeding programs to improve wheat genotypes, and to direct genetic resource conservation studies. © 2011 Springer-Verlag.
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    Öğe
    High-molecular-weight glutenin subunit variation in Turkish emmer wheat [Triticum turgidum L. ssp. dicoccon (Schrank) Thell.] landraces
    (2012) Özbek, Özlem; Göçmen Taşkın, Belgin; Keskin Şan, Sibel; Eser, Vehbi; Arslan, Orhan
    The genetic diversity of high-molecular-weight (HMW) glutenin subunits in 18 cultivated emmer wheat landrace populations, originating from Turkey, was investigated using sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The mean number of alleles (n a) and effective alleles (n ea) were observed as 3.67 and 1.53, respectively. The mean values of expected heterozygosity (gene diversity) (H e) and average heterozygosity (H e,av) were calculated as 0.31 and 0.12, respectively. Actual genetic differentiation (D) and gene flow (N m) between the different populations were observed as 0.24 and 0.16, respectively. Statistical analysis of Pearson's correlation, multiple regressions and principal component analysis indicated that eco-geographical variables have a significant effect on HMW-glutenin diversity. Considering the dramatic decrease in genetic diversity of modern high-yielding cultivars, the conservation of genetic diversity in these wheat landraces, and in other old cultivars, is important for improving modern monocultures and their ability to resist biotic and abiotic conditions caused by climate changes, thus generating a wide adaption to a variety of environmental conditions. Adoptation measures for germplasm conservation of Turkish emmer wheat landraces and utilisation of their germplasm for improvement of modern wheat varieties were discussed in this study. © 2012 Springer-Verlag.