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Animistic Features of Mountains in Hittite Cuneiform Texts
(Osman Kose, 2025) Atila, N
The Hittites associated the multi-layered and complex structure of nature with the concepts of divinity, sacredness and personality. These ancient people perceived nature and its mountains, rivers and trees as creatures with superhuman power, showing human tendencies and social behaviours, and in synergistic relationship and communication among themselves. Hittite rituals, prayers, Omnia and mythological documents provide information about the way Hittites envisioned their environment and established relationships, as well as their animistic beliefs and practices. The Hittites, the mountain was characterized as According gods and as places where gods to lived and gathered, as well as cosmic and sacred beings, and as a place of physical and spiritual purification. In the perspective of animism, mountains were envisioned as living beings with a soul and non-human persons. In Hittite cuneiform documents, mountains are imagined as having moral and ethical values, having positive and negative emotions, being classified as male and female, experiencing sexuality, having the role of mother, symbol of power and authority, and having personality. Moreover, sacrifices were made and various foods/drinks were offered to the mountains during festivals. In this study, will reveal how the Hittites perceived mountains and their animistic beliefs and practices regarding them.