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    Rapid weight loss and combat athletes: a study on psychological resilience and mechanical hyperalgesia
    (FRONTIERS MEDIA SA, 2025) Çağlar, EC; Ceylan, L; Ermiş, SA; Çamiçi, F; Eliöz, M; Uzun, RN; Çiçek, G; Kusan, M; Bayraktar, MT; Şahin, FN; Küçük, H
    Introduction: The study investigates the effects of Rapid Weight Loss (RWL) on the levels of psychological resilience and mechanical pain sensitivity in elite kickboxers. The primary aim was to examine changes in psychological resilience subdimensions and pressure pain threshold (PPT) values in the thoracolumbar region before and after a one-month RWL period leading up to competition. Hypotheses included expectations of significant reductions in PPT values due to biomechanical and physiological changes during RWL, along with improvements in psychological resilience subdimensions due to structured routines and social support. Methods: Thirty-seven elite male athletes (age: 22.94 +/- 1.98) participated in the study. Psychological resilience was assessed using the Psychological Resilience Scale for Adults, and mechanical pain sensitivity was evaluated through Pressure Pain Threshold (PPT) measurements. Measurements were conducted before and after the RWL period, spanning one month prior to competition. Results: The results revealed significant PPT values across all thoracolumbar segments after RWL (p < 0.001). Cohen's d values indicated large effect sizes for these changes (d = 2.10-2.36). The L5 segment exhibited the largest PPT decrease (t = -10.45, d = 2.36), while the Th1 segment showed the smallest decrease (t = -8.23, d = 2.10). Measurements taken at 4 cm from the spine midline also demonstrated significant PPT reductions (p < 0.001), with the highest change recorded in the L5 segment (t = -9.78, d = 2.30). Psychological resilience subdimensions, including structured style, social competence, future orientation, and social resources, improved significantly after RWL (p < 0.05), while family cohesion and personal strength did not show significant changes. Athletes who previously ranked in tournaments exhibited higher psychological resilience, potentially due to enhanced self-confidence. Discussion: These findings align with literature suggesting that competitive success and optimism play crucial roles in resilience development. Personality traits and perceived social support further contributed to the observed resilience levels. This study highlights the multidimensional impact of RWL, emphasizing its detrimental effects on pain sensitivity and its mixed outcomes on psychological resilience. RWL-associated increases in mechanical hyperalgesia, especially in the lumbar region, were attributed to biomechanical and neurophysiological factors. Enhanced psychological resilience observed in certain subdimensions underscores the importance of structured and social support systems in mitigating RWL-induced stress. Future research should explore interventions to optimize resilience and manage pain during RWL periods, focusing on individualized support strategies for athletes. These findings contribute to understanding the interplay between psychological and physiological factors during RWL, practical insights for athletic training.
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    The impact of physical exercise on esports players: a monitoring perspective
    (FRONTIERS MEDIA SA, 2025) Kusan, M; Başoğlu, B; Aydoğmuş, M; Ermiş, SA; Sekban, G; Bayraktar, MT; Durmuşoğlu, MV; Arslanoğlu, E; Öz, F; Ceylan, L; Küçük, H; Şahin, FN
    Background Esports has been defined as an organized and competitive approach to playing computer games. The esports industry has grown significantly and continues to develop in recent years. Within this period, monitoring and promoting physical exercise participation among esports players is important. The main aim of this study is to examine esports players' participation in physical exercise. Another aim is to investigate the impact of physical exercise on body appreciation among esports players.Method The study involved 183 esports players (age mean: 23.26; SD: 4.30; n = 42 female, n = 141 male). Data were collected using the Personal Information Form, the International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form (IPAQ), and the Body Appreciation Scale.Results The analysis revealed significant differences in total physical activity and body appreciation scores and their sub-dimensions based on income level and years of esports licensing. Demographic factors such as gender, income level, and duration of esports participation were found to have notable effects on physical activity and body appreciation.Discussion Male players had higher physical activity levels and body appreciation scores than females, and individuals with higher incomes reported better body appreciation. However, an increase in the duration of esports participation led to a decrease in physical activity levels and body appreciation scores. Increasing esports players' participation in physical activity and promoting physical exercise are recommended.