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    The distribution of cancer cases in Somalia
    (W.B. Saunders, 2017) Baş, Yılmaz; Hassan, Hussein Abshir; Adıgüzel, Cevdet; Bulur, Oktay; İbrahim, İkram Abdikarim; Soydan, Seçil
    Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency and distribution of cancer cases in a defined time period in Somalia. Materials and Methods A total of 403 cancer cases were diagnosed between January 01, 2016 and March 01, 2017 in the Department of Pathology at the Somalia Mogadishu–Turkey Education and Research Hospital or the Department of Oncology at Uniso Hospital, Somalia University. Data on cancer type, patient age, and gender were obtained from pathology reports and hospital records. Results Female patients totaled 49.6% (n = 200) and 50.4% of patients were male (n = 203). The youngest patient was 18 years of age, the oldest was 97, and the average age was 53.4 years. The 10 most common types of cancer were esophageal (n = 130, 32.3%), non-Hodgkin lymphoma (n = 35, 8.7%), liver (n = 26, 6.5%), breast (n = 24, 6.0%), skin (n = 17, 4.2%), thyroid (n = 13, 3.2%), brain (n = 12, 3.0%), bone (n = 11, 2.7%), colorectal (n = 11, 2.7%), and soft tissue (n = 11, 2.7%). The most common site of cancer in both males and females was the esophagus. Conclusion These results show a high incidence of esophageal cancer in Somalia, and strongly suggest that environmental risk factors and nutritional habits have a strong impact in this population. Serious and extensive research on the etiology of esophageal cancer is required. © 2017 Elsevier Inc.
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    The only and first analysis of upper gastrointestinal endoscopy results from Mogadishu-Somalia
    (Ortadoğu Reklam Tanıtım Yayıncılık Turizm Eğitim İnşaat Sanayi ve Ticaret A.S., 2018) Bulur, Oktay; Baş, Yılmaz; Abdi, Omar Ali; Dal, Kürşat; Ertuğrul, Derun Taner; Ünsal, Oktay
    Objective: There is’nt any study giving information about profiles of upper gastrointestinal (GI) diseases in Somalia; this study has reported the analysis of upper endoscopic results from Mogadishu for the first time. In this study we aimed to evaluate the distributions of the upper gastrointestinal diseases in Mogadishu. Material and Methods: Three hundred six patients who underwent upper GI endoscopy between 01.01.2015 and 20.04.2017 at Mogadishu Recep Tayyip Erdoğan Somalia-Turkey Training and Research Hospital were included in this study. Patients grouped according to the age, gender and diagnoses and assessed. Results: Ninety-seven patients were female (31.7%), 209 patients were male (68.3%). Age range was 16-97 years (mean age 47.9 years). The rates of upper GI were 18.0% (55 cases) esophageal cancer (nearly all patients had adenocarcinoma, squamous type was very rare), 2.3% (7 cases) gastric adenocarcinoma, 44.1% (135) endoscopic gastritis, 10.1% (31cases) peptic esophagitis, 4.3% (13 cases) duodenal ulcer, 4.3% (13 cases) bulbitis, 3.0% (9 cases) hiatal hernia, and 1.3% (4 cases) candidial esophagitis. 24 patients (7.8%) had normal endoscopic appearance. Conclusion: In our study we showed that the prevalence of esopha-gial cancer was higher in Mogadishu than in those of western countries. We think that the high rate of esophagus cancers due to the use of “khat” named an anxiolytic plant, too hot rice eating, poor nutrition from fresh vegetables and fruits, and the meals cooked in coal fire. Reduction the khat chewing and the improvements in eating habits are mandatory in order to reduce esophageal cancer cases. Copyright © 2018 by Türkiye Klinikleri.