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Öğe Allozyme variations on subspecies of Meriones tristrami (Rodentia: Gerbillinae) In Western Anatolia(Hacettepe University, 2011) Bulut, Şafak; Yiğit, NuriAllozyme variation was investigated by the electrophoretic analysis of 24 gene loci in three subspecies of Meriones tristrami from Western Anatolia. Twenty of the twenty-four loci were monomorphic among populations, whereas four loci were polymorphic. The mean value of the Wright’s fixation index was FST = 0.0671, suggesting the existence of a slightly distinct subspecies in the Meriones tristrami populations. Overall mean heterozygosity (Ho= direct count) for all populations was Ho= 0.017. Nei’s measure of genetic distance was low and varied from D = 0.000 to 0.002 among populations. The number of migrants (Nm) equaled 3.48, which also suggests effective gene flow across populations..Öğe Allozymic variations in the genus dryomys (rodentia: gliridae) distributed in Turkey(Wiley-Blackwell Publishing, Inc, 2009) Bulut, Şafak; Yiğit, Nesrin; Çolak, Ercüment; Çolak, R.; Çam, Perihan; Saygılı, Füsun[Abstract Not Available]Öğe Camera trap records confirm the survival of the Leopard (Panthera pardus L., 1758) in eastern Turkey (Mammalia: Felidae)(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2021) Karataş, Ahmet; Bulut, Şafak; Akbaba, BurakThe Leopard, Panthera pardus, was thought to be extinct or on the verge of extinction in Turkey towards the end of the 20(th) century. However, as leopards killed by local people were reported from the Turkish-Iraqi border area in the last two decades, we carried out field surveys in these regions in order to find out whether the species has survived. We set camera traps at more than 150 locations in Mardin, Siirt and Sirnak provinces in south-eastern Turkey in 2018 and 2019 and succeeded in obtaining altogether three pictures of leopards, probably of the same individual. The photographs, taken in July and December 2018, and in November 2019, are from two different sites on the northern slopes of Mount Cudi. Together with previous records, these observations indicate that a small population of the leopard has survived in the Turkish-Iraqi border area. Cudi Mountain may serve as a corridor for leopards moving between Turkey, Iraq and Iran. Our records comprise the first photographic evidence of living leopards in Turkey in the wild.Öğe Contributions to the knowledge of mammals in Çorum Province, Turkey(Hitit University, 2017) Bulut, Şafak; Akbaba, Burak; Karataş, AhmetA total of 42 mammal species were determined and new records reported for the first time in Çorum Province, Turkey. Field studies were carried between 2009-2010 and 2015-2016. One species of hedgehog and shrew, four bat species, six rodent species, roe deer and three carnivore species were recorded for the first time. We also expanded the known distribution and confirmed the presence of four rodent species (Spermophilus xanthophyrmnus, Microtus dogramaci, Mesocricetus brandti and Meriones tristrami) in the province. In addition, some information related to the distribution and the habitat associated to some taxon were provided in the study.Öğe Cytogenetics Analyses of The Genus Spermophilus Cuvier 1825 (Mammalia Rodentia) Distributed in Turkey(Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2021) Bulut, Şafak; Arslan, CemilCytogenetic analysis were studied on three species of the genus Spermophilus distributed in Turkey (S. citellus, S. xanthoprymnus and S. taurensis). Different chromosomal features occurring in different subpopulations of S. xanthoprymnus, which has a wide distribution area in Anatolia and the lack of Turkey's population of banded chromosome studies in S. citellus and the fact that different chromosome morphologies are still encountered in the S. taurensis population led us to carry out this study. In this study, G, C and Ag-NORs banding of S. xanthoprymnus, sampled from Bolkar Mountains, and S. citellus from Turkish Thrace were performed. The C-banding patterns and Ag-NORs chromosome features was given for the first time from the samples of S. citellus from Turkey. In addition, new chromosomal features of S. taurensis, an endemic species, were also presented. In this study, diploid chromosome number of S. xanthoprymnus was 2n=42, fundamental chromosome number (NF) was 82, autosomal chromosome number (NFa) was 78, while C banding revealed a heterochromatin region in one chromosome. Because of Ag-NOR staining of S. xanthoprymnus, eight NOR stains were determined in the male sample, and we detected six NOR stains in the female sample. The diploid chromosome number of S. citellus species was determined as 2n= 40, NF=77, NFa=74, while C banding revealed a heterochromatin area in two chromosomes. As a result of Ag-NOR staining of S. citellus species, seven NOR staining were detected. S. taurensis species, diploid chromosome number was determined as 2n=40, NF=80 and NFa=76. The G, C banding patterns and Ag-NORs chromosome features was given for the first time from the samples of S. citellus obtained from Turkish Thrace. In addition, new chromosomal features of S. taurensis, an endemic species, were also presented.Öğe Effect of hibernation on oxidative and antioxidant events under laboratory conditions in Anatolian ground squirrel, spermophilus xanthoprymnus (Bennett, 1835) (Mammalia: Sciuridae) from Central Anatolia(2014) Avcı, Emre; Bulut, Şafak; Bircan, Filiz Sezen; Özlük, Aydın; Coşkun Cevher, ŞuleThe oxidative stress is an integral part of the metabolic depression machinery associated with hibernation, estimations and tolerance to freezing, dehydration, hypoxia and anoxia In the present study, we aim to investigate the role of hibernation on lipid peroxidation, nitric oxide production and glutathione levels in various tissues of Anatolian Ground Squirrel Spermophilus xanthoprymnus. A total of 9 female ground squirrels were collected from different localities in Nigde, Bolkar Mountains, Turkey. All squirrels were in three different conditions: at hibernation, aroused and non-hibernation stage. They were sacrificed under anesthesia. Glutathione (GSH), reactive nitrogen oxide species (NOx) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were measured spectrophotometrically. GSH levels of almost all tissues were lower in the hibernating group compared with the aroused group. NOx levels were found to decrease in all tissues except the brain tissue examined on hibernating group compared to non-hibernating group. MDA levels were found to increase in brain, lungs and heart tissues examined on hibernating group compared to nonhibernating group. In conclusion, our data show that an impaired balance exists between oxidative stress and antioxidant systems in most organs and tissues during hibernation. © Copyright 2014 Zoological Society of Pakistan.Öğe Habitat Selection Of Small Mammals in A Mixed Forest in Turkey(Corvinus Univ Budapest, 2021) Bulut, Şafak; Karataş, Ahmet; Ayas, ZaferSmall mammals is a non-taxonomic subgroup named on the basis of body size of individuals. This study was created from data obtained through the mark-recapture method of small terrestrial mammals in Populus tremula, thermophilic deciduous, steppes, conifer plantations and Abies sp. forest habitats in Turkey. Field studies were performed for a total of 14 months in 2014 and 2015. 758 individuals from seven species were captured in a total of 5250 days in trapping grid studies conducted in a total of 5 different types of habitat by a grid of 5 ? 5 traps system. The average capture success in all was calculated as 14.44%. The species affected by temperature data were M. glareolus and D. nitedula. It was found that M. subterraneus showing increasing populations was negatively correlated with temperature. When considering the sex ratios, M. glareolus was under intense male pressure in steppe habitat. Indicator species were determined numerically and M. glareolus, M. subterraneus and D. nitedula were found to be decisive species for different habitats. The habitats showing most similarity to each other in terms of habitat preferences of small mammals the pine plantation and Abies forest, the most different habitat was steppe.Öğe Inventory of Large Mammal Species in the Ilgaz Mountains (Cankiri): A Major Ecological Corridor in Anatolia(2020) Akbaba, Burak; Bulut, ŞafakIn order to understand the processes engendered by different faunal elements in natural systems, and to plan how such systems should be managed and conserved, it is essential to start by determining the presence of those faunal elements, even large mammals. The entire range of North Anatolian Mountains provides suitable sheltering and feeding habitats for large mammals. The region stretching between Köroğlu Mountains (west) and Ilgaz Mountains (east) is one of the most important Anatolia’s wildlife corridors. We located and identified the species of large mammals in the Ilgaz Mountains, as well as specific habitats used by them. Field studies carried out in this region during April-August 2017 resulted in 180 records of nine different species of large mammals: Lepus europaeus, Ursus arctos, Canis lupus, Vulpes vulpes, Lynx lynx, Meles meles, Sus scrofa, Cervus elaphus and Capreolus capreolus. To obtain those records took 621 days of studying with camera traps. Among those species, European hare was the most frequently recorded herbivore (101), and brown bear was the most frequently recorded carnivore (19). Both hare and roe deer displayed clustered distribution patterns in the region. The analysis of our records showed that lynx, boar, and fox were strictly nocturnal; whereas hare and wolf were predominantly nocturnal. We also obtained records of the cubs of many large mammal species (bear, lynx, boar, red deer, roe deer) although we did not encounter any large mammal nests during the study.Öğe New distribution records of Bohemian Waxwing Bombycilla garrulus (Linnaeus, 1758) from Turkey(Universitatea din Oradea, 2019) Karataş, Ahmet; Bulut, Şafak; Karataş, AyşegülThe Bohemian Waxwing (Bombycilla garrulus Linnaeus, 1758) is a rare and high irregular migrant in Turkey. Most of records from the country have been taken in winter season. In this study, four winter and one spring observations were reported from five new localities. In additionally, some information on its ecology, behaviour and subspecific status were given. ©Biharean Biologist, Oradea, Romania, 2019Öğe Taxonomic status of Dahl’s Jird, Meriones dahli, as inferred from cytochrome b and IRBP gene sequences (Mammalia: Rodentia)(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2021) Bulut, Şafak; Olgun Karacan, GülDahl’s Jird, Meriones dahli, is distributed in Armenia and eastern Turkey and was previously considered as a subspecies of M. meridianus based on morphological characters. We examined the taxonomic status of Dahl’s Jird using two gene regions, the mitochondrial cytochrome b (Cytb) gene and the Inter Retinoid Binding Protein (IRBP), a nuclear gene. Phylogenetic trees and median-joining networks confirmed the close relationship between M. dahli and M. meridianus. The evolutionary divergence time between these populations was estimated 750 Kya, indicating that these populations diverged in the Middle Pleistocene. The genetic distance between M. dahli and M. meridianus was 4% for Cytb and 0.6% for IRBP. In conclusion, we characterized the genetic distance using molecular methods. We propose the relegation of M. dahli back to subspecies status as M. m. dahli. © 2021 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.Öğe Terrestrial Vertebrate Fauna of Beytepe Campus, Hacettepe University(2021) Şahin, Mehmet Kürşat; Akbaba, Burak; Bulut, Şafak; Ayaş, ZaferBeytepe Campus (Hacettepe University) is one of the few isolated areas with large scale for wildlife within Ankara metropolis (Turkey). However, there is no checklist regarding to the terrestrial vertebrate (amphibian, reptile, avian and mammalian) fauna of this campus has ever been published so far. Therefore, field studies and literature surveys were conducted towards Beytepe Campus from 2005 to 2019. According to the results, a total of 3 amphibians, 11 reptilians, 93 avian and 14 mammalian species were identified in the study area. Due to increasing urbanization trends in this metropolitan city, this study will provide us a useful guide for further surveys and conservation activities in similar areas.Öğe The effect of hibernation on oxidative events in Anatolian ground squirrel, Spermophilus xanthoprymnus (bennett, 1835) (mammalia: scuiridae) from Central Anatolia under the laboratory conditions(Wiley-Blackwell, 2011) Avcı, Emre; Özlük, Aydın; Bircan, Filiz Sezen; Bulut, Şafak; Göney, Gülşen; Coşkun Cevher, Şule[Abstract Not Available]Öğe The present status, distribution, demography, and diet of the Dahl’s Jird(Instituto Internacional de Ecologia, 2022) Bulut, ŞafakMeriones dahli (Shidlovsky, 1962) was previously accepted to be a subspecies of M. meridianus (Pallas, 1773). However, it was later suggested that they are geographically isolated from each other. Although hybridological studies and differences in certain external characteristics support the idea that M. dahli is a separate species, there are still doubts on its species status, and the exact range of its distribution is not known. In this paper, we provide some taxonomic information about the species, and compare these with the information given in previous studies. We argue that some differences exist among Armenian population regarding external measurements. Recent studies indicate that M. dahli is currently only distributed in Turkey, as an endemic mammal species. We provide predictions about the distribution of M. dahli, and report the estimated population size to its maximum value. Food preference studies for this species, conducted under laboratory conditions, are also introduced for the first time. We discuss the ecological data obtained from field studies, and emphasize that the habitat of M. dahli is about to disappear. Consequently, the protection status of this species should urgently be changed to the CR category and conservation studies must be carried out immediately. © 2022, Instituto Internacional de Ecologia. All rights reserved.Öğe The spatial and temporal distributions of waterbirds in Lakes Akşehir-Eber and Lake Köyceğiz in western Anatolia, Turkey - a comparative analysis(2011) Saygılı, Fulya; Yiğit, Nuri; Bulut, ŞafakThe waterbirds at 2 wetlands (Lakes Akşehir-Eber and Köyceğiz) in western Turkey were compared to determine their spatial and temporal distributions along with their habitat characteristics. The waterbirds were evaluated according to whether they were residents, winter migrants, summer migrants, or transit migrants and were assigned to foraging behavior groups. At Lakes Akşehir-Eber, 67 waterbird species belonging to 17 families and 9 orders were observed, while at Lake Köyce?iz 42 species belonging to 14 families and 9 orders were recorded. The waterbird fauna in both lake systems is composed of the following bird groups in the same order of occurrence: diving birds > wading birds > ducks > marsh birds. According to the qualitative comparison of waterbirds in the wetlands, the compositions of winter and summer migrant communities showed significant differences that could suggest that the vegetation composition, the size, the eutrophication level, and the seasonal climatic conditions of these wetlands play a role. © TÜBİTAK.
