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Öğe Aile hekimlerinin bakış açısı ile sevk zincirinin değerlendirilmesi(2018) Bulut, Sinan; Uğurluoğlu, ÖzgürAmaç: Bu araştırmanın amacı, sevk zincirinde sevk süre- cini başlatacak olan ve uygulamanın en önemli paydaşı olarak görülebilecek aile hekimlerinin sevk zincirinin uygulanması durumunda olası etkilerini, gerekliliği, uygulanabilirliği ve sürdürülebilirliği hakkındaki görüşlerini değerlendirmektir. Gereç ve Yöntem: Araştırmada veriler aile hekimlerinin sevk zinciri konusundaki düşüncelerini ortaya koymak amacıyla oluşturulmuş yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu kullanılarak Ankara ilinde merkez ilçelerde görev yapan aile hekimleri ile yüz yüze yapılan görüşmeler ile elde edilmiştir. Bulgular: Mevcut birinci basamak sağlık hizmetlerinin yapı- lanmasında sevk zincirinin uygulanmasının birtakım sorunları ortaya çıkaracağı katılımcı hekimler tarafından belirtilmiştir. Özellikle aile hekimlerine bağlı nüfusun fazla olması sevk zin- cirinin uygulanması için en büyük engel olarak ortaya çıkmakta ve bağlı nüfusun düşürülmesi gerekmektedir. Ayrıca aile hekim- lerine bağlı nüfusun düşürülmesinin yanında ASM’lerin standart bir yapıya kavuşturulması fiziki ve teknik kapasitelerinin iyi- leştirilmesi de bir diğer gereklilik olarak ortaya çıkmaktadır. Öte yandan, halkın sağlık okuryazarlık düzeyinin de yükseltilmesi gerekmektedir. Bu kapsamda hizmet sunum yönünde yapılması gereken müdahaleler yanında topluma yönelik faaliyetlerinde yürütülmesi gerekmektedir. Sonuç: Bu çalışma sevk zincirinin uygulanmadan önce aile hek- imlerinin ve diğer tüm paydaşların görüşlerinin alınması ve bu görüşler doğrultusunda adımlar atılmasının önemli olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır.Öğe Assessment of the Job Satisfaction Levels of Family Physicians(2018) Arslan, Çağla; Hakverdi, Özlem Aynaoğlu; Bulut, SinanObjectives: The aim of this study was to determine the level of job satisfaction and some related factors for family physicians in Turkey. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted with all the family physicians who participated in the trainings for family physicians in Ankara between March 2015 and March 2016. Face-to-face interviews and a questionnaire form with the physicians who took part in 15 organized trainings were fulfilled. In the study, questions were prepared by the researchers in accordance with the relevant literature review and the short form of the Minnesota Job Satisfaction Questionnaire containing 20 expressions were used. Results: When comparing average scores of general job satisfaction, internal job satisfaction, and external job satisfaction regarding the working regions of the family physicians, a statistically significant difference was found among the scores of interregional external job satisfaction. While the average score of general job satisfaction showed no statistically significant difference in terms of age, gender, marital status, child ownership and smoking status; a statistically significant difference was found between the mean scores of the general job satisfaction regarding the periods in which the physicians performed family medicine. While 622 (79.53%) of the family physicians who participated in the study had moderate job satisfaction, the proportion of family physicians having high job satisfaction was only 20.20%. Conclusion: In this study, family physicians' general job satisfaction scores were determined to be moderate. Factors responsible for this situation should be identified and developed. Factors could be either internal or external. The steps that would be taken to identify and develop these factors would increase both the efficiency of the family physicians and their level of satisfaction in primary health care services.Öğe Evaluation of electronic prescriptions in Turkey: A community pharmacy perspective(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2021) Bilgener, Emrah; Bulut, SinanObjective: The purpose of this study was to determine the opinions of pharmacists, who are important users of e-prescribing practices in Turkey, on the function of a prescription application. Method: A questionnaire was developed to determine the opinions of pharmacists on Turkish e prescribing practices, using a stratified and systematic random sampling method. A total of 378 pharmacists responded to the questionnaire. Results: The average level of satisfaction of e-prescription reported by pharmacists was 4.4 +/- 0.8. Although 52.4% of the participating pharmacists reported no problems using the e-prescription application, 47.6% reported encountering problems. The majority of the problems associated with e-prescription practices were caused by the physicians who entered the e-prescription into the system. The most common problem (17.4%) reported was the inability to read the e-prescription code as written by physicians. The primary contribution of the e-prescribing practice reported by pharmacists was the acceleration of prescription procedures. Conclusion: E-prescription practice is advantageous to pharmacies across many aspects, improving drug delivery to patients, and most pharmacists reported thatthe e-prescription practice washighly satisfying. The development of electronic and information technologies increases access toinformation resources and diversity, resulting inchanges in the expectations and utilisation levels of users; therefore, continuous improvements are required to improve the performance of the e-prescribing system. (c) 2020 Fellowship of Postgraduate Medicine. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Öğe Evaluation of transition to electronic prescriptions in Turkey: Perspective of family physicians(Kerman University of Medical Sciences, 2019) Bulut, Sinan; Yıldız, Ahmet; Kaya, SıdıkaBackground: One of the most important steps of the health transformation program involves the application of electronic prescriptions (e-prescriptions) in health services. Information technologies are highly important in generating e-prescriptions, which can be described as a document produced by authorized personnel electronically, containing written information and instructions regarding a patient’s medication and its usage. E-prescribing has become increasingly applied in recent years as a contributing application to prescribers and patients. The aim of this study was to determine the level of satisfaction of family physicians providing primary care in Turkey regarding the application of e-prescriptions, and reveal the related positive effects and problems encountered in the first months of implementation of e-prescribing. Methods: A questionnaire with eight questions was sent to e-mails of all family physicians working in Turkey in May 2013. A total of 1564 family physicians filled in the questionnaire form and sent it back by e-mail. The responses to open-ended questions were evaluated by content analysis. Results: It was observed that the most frequently indicated advantages of the application of e-prescriptions were speeding up the prescription process and saving time (36.6%). The most commonly reported problems regarding the application of e-prescriptions were found to be system-induced problems (26.5%) and internet problems (19.9%). In addition, the mean score of satisfaction of the family physicians who did not report problems with the application of e-prescriptions was higher than that of those who reported having problems with it. In the study, 77.8% of the family physicians were satisfied with the application of e-prescriptions. Conclusion: Although some problems were reported regarding the application of e-prescriptions in the first months of the application, family physicians participated in the study were found to be satisfied with the application of e-prescriptions, and identified positive effects on their work and processes. © 2019 The Author(s).Öğe Evaluation of Turkish pharmaceutical track and trace system (ITS): perspective of community pharmacists(UNIV SAO PAULO, CONJUNTO QUIMICAS, 2022) Bulut, Sinan; Bilgener, EmrahTurkish Pharmaceutical Track & Trace System (ITS) is implemented as a system in which drug movements are tracked in order to ensure drug safety. The system is integrated among drug stores, pharmacies and reimbursement institutions. As the pharmacies are the primary users, their evaluations regarding the system are considered important. In this study, it was aimed to evaluate the pharmacies’- a shareholder of ITS in Turkey- satisfaction level for ITS and problems and suggestions encountered in the system. The most expressed contribution of ITS to the pharmacists’ work was the ease of medicine tracking and control with 27.1%. The average satisfaction level of pharmacists about ITS was found to be 2.9±1.2. In the research, the most expressed of the regarding the areas of ITS that need to be developed is ‘work without interruption’ with 37.1%. ITS application has provided advantages for pharmacies in many aspects that facilitate operations. However, continuous development of technology, increasing information resources and diversity, changing expectations, and utilization levels of the users require the constant improvement of the performance of the systemÖğe Sağlık Hizmetlerinde Sevk Sistemi(2020) Bulut, Sinan; Uğurluoğlu, ÖzgürÜlkeler sağlık hizmetlerinin verimli bir şekilde sunulmasına yönelik pek çok politika geliştirmekte ve uygulamaktadırlar. Bunlar koruyucu sağlık hizmetleri, sağlığın geliştirilmesi uygulamaları, araştırma geliştirme faaliyetleri, finansal yapı, örgütlenme ve organizasyon gibi alanlarda olmaktadır. Basamaklandırılmış sağlık hizmetlerinde her basamak hizmet sunumunda verimliliği artırmak, maliyetleri düşürmek ve daha iyi sağlık hizmeti sunmak için uygulanan sevk sistemi de bu uygulamalar arasında yer almaktadır. Sevk sistemi, sağlık sistemlerinde ilk başvuru, koordinasyon, süreklilik ve kapsamlılık özelliklerinden dolayı birinci basamak sağlık hizmetleri başta olmak üzere ülkelerin genel sağlık sistemleri kapsamında önemli bir uygulama olarak görülmektedir. Uygulamanın, birinci basamak hekimi açısından, hasta takibi ve hastayı yönlendirme gibi süreçlere yönelik olumlu katkıları olmaktadır. Ayrıca sevk sistemi ile hastaların kendilerine en uygun hizmeti almaları, ikinci ve üçüncü basamak sağlık kurumlarının olanaklarının maliyet etkin kullanımı da sağlanabilmektedir. Ancak sevk sisteminin etkinliğinin söz konusu olabilmesi için sistemin iyi şekilde kurulması ve işlemesi gerekmektedir. Bunun sağlanması da sistemin tüm bileşenlerinin birbirleriyle eşgüdümlü çalışmasına bağlıdır. Dünya genelinde sevk sisteminin yapısına ve işleyişine ilişkin farklı uygulamaların olduğu bilinmektedir. Türkiye’de sevk sisteminin uygulanması için geçmişten günümüze birtakım girişimler ve yasal mevzuat çalışmaları yapılmıştır. Ancak gerek sağlık sistemi kaynaklı gerekse toplumsal etkenler nedeni ile uygulamada henüz başarı sağlanamamıştır. Türkiye ve sistemi kurmaya yönelik çaba sarf edecek diğer ülkelerin, iyi işleyen bir sevk sistemi inşası için sistemin bileşenlerinin her birini ayrı bir şekilde değerlendirerek gerekli adımları atması ve bileşenler arasında entegrasyonu sağlaması etkili olacaktır. Bu bileşenler, sağlık sistemine ilişkin genel belirleyiciler, sevk eden, sevki kabul eden kurumların yapıları, denetim ve geliştirme gibi alanlardan oluşmakta ve her bileşen, kendine özgü yapısı nedeni ile iyi bir organizasyon gerektirmektedir. Bu çalışmada sağlık hizmetlerinin etkin olarak yürütülmesinde önemli bir yeri olan sevk sisteminin tarihsel süreci, önemi, Türkiye’deki gelişim süreci ve bileşenleri ele alınarak değerlendirme yapılmıştır.Öğe Smoking Attitudes of Newly-Started Family Physicians(2019) Bulut, Sinan; Arslan, Çağla; Hakverdi, Özlem AynaoğluObjective: In this study, it was aimed to determine the smoking behavior and related factors of family physicians, working in seven different regions of Turkey. Material and Methods: The data of this descriptive and cross-sectional study were collected between 2015-2016. In the study, 724 family physicians were interviewed face to face and a questionnaire form was applied. No sample was selected in the study, and all family physicians participating in the Ministry of Health trainings were included in the survey. Inferential statistics were used in the research. Results: While 48.1% of family physicians never smoked, 10.4% quit smoking, and 41.6% are still smoking. Of the smokers, 15.0% are mildly smokers, 25.2% are moderate smokers, and 59.8% are heavy smokers. The mean duration of smoking was found to be 98.6 months. The age of starting smoking was 20.6. Difference in the average smoking duration of physicians were found to be statistically significant according to age, marital status, child ownership status, and working zone. In addition, a statistically significant difference was found between the smoking status of the physicians and age, gender, marital status, child ownership status and adequate sleep time. Conclusion: Today, fighting with smoking is an issue that should be prioritized for communities to live a healthy life. The development of policies to reach all segments of the society in this regard is important in terms of achieving the desired target in a shorter time. Results of the study emphasize the importance that studies about non-smoking are also necessary for physicians in addition to the studies that are carried out in the society as a whole to prevent smoking.
