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    Adverse effects of ingredients available in single nasal decongestant formulation at trachea and lungs on an experimental rat model
    (Discovery Publication, 2019) Arslan, Sertaç; Güney, Güven; Akyüz Ünsal, Ayşe İpek; Demir, Emre; Demirci, Buket
    Background and Aim: There is little histologic data concerning effects of nasal decongestants on respiratory tract. We aimed to put forth the effects of mostly used ingredients of nasal decongestants on trachea and lower airways of rats. Materials and Method: Four-six months old 60 male rats were randomly categorized into 6 groups. Experimental drugs were applied to the same nostril twice daily for 8 weeks (Xylometazoline, Benzalkolyum, EDTA, Sorbitol and combined drug solution). Normal saline solution (NaCl % 0.9) applied for the controls. At the end, trachea and both lungs were dissected and kept in formaldehyde for histopathologic evaluation. Results: Inflammation and bronchial edema were most common findings. All rats in sorbitol group had increased numbers of type 2 pneumocytes. Eighty percent of BAC group had increased numbers of type 2 pneumocytes. Spillover of tracheal epithelium was seen mostly in sorbitol, EDTA and combined drug groups (60%, 87.5%, 50% respectively). Bronchial smooth muscle hypertrophy was seen mostly in BAC and EDTA group (70%, 62.5% respectively). Number of goblet cells showed significant difference between control-combined drug (p=0.025) and control-BAC (p=0.001) groups. Conclusion: Nasal decongestants might have adverse effects such as increased airway inflammation, edema, type 2 pneumocyte numbers and epithelial desquamation mostly.
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    The Oxidative Stress At Lungs After Menopause And The Antioxidant Effects Of Vitamin D, Fish Oil And Exercise in An Experimental Rat Model
    (Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2020) Arslan, Sertaç; Arslan, Emine; Güney, Güven; Özcan, Oğuzhan; Demir, Emre; Uyar Hazar, Hale; Demirci, Buket
    Menopause is the permanent cessation of ovarian follicular activity and the menstrual cycle. There is little physiologic and histologic data concerning the possible effects of menopause on respiratory tract and possible beneficial agents for respiratory tract against the effects of menopause. The rat lungs and trachea have been obtainedfrom young and old rats which were treated with either vitamin D (VitD; 1000IU/kg/week),Fish oil (FO; 0.8 mL/kg/week) or exercise (running 45 minutes/3 times/week) for 12 weeks after one week overiectomy (OVX) followup. Oxidative stress markers found increased at OVX and OVX+E groups. However, oxidative stress marker levels were lower at OVX+E group than OVX group. Vitamin D and fish oil also caused decreased oxidative stress at lung tissue compared to OVX group. OVX group had histological changes such as epithelial desquamation, peribronchial smooth muscle hypertrophy, peribronchial lymphoid follicles, Type 2 pneumocyte hyperplasia; however, none of them was found at exercise group. Ovariectomy caused respiratory system effects in rats. Menopause cause oxidative stress; however, exercise, vitamin D and fish oil have protective effects against oxidative stress at lungs at different quantities. Ovariectomy group has the greatest damage compared to other groups. Exercise is the best protective modality against the effects of menopause at respiratory system.