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    A study examining the effects of changed rules of wrestling competitions on the muscular damage levels of the elite wrestlers
    (2014) Işık, Özkan; Alpay, C. Berkan; Hazar, Serkan; Eker, Hasan
    This study aims to examine the effects of changing rules of wrestling competitions on the elite wrestlers’ muscular damage levels. Twenty male wrestlers from the wrestling team established by the Izmir Metropolitan Municipality, which competes in the 1st Wrestling League, volunteered to take part in the research. The age average of the wrestlers was 20.4±2.8 years, their average age of sports 7.45±4.29 years, their height average 173,8 ±4,97 cm, and weight average 77.4 ±16.22 kg. Some blood samples of 5 cc each were taken from each wrestler’s forearm vein by means of the vacutainer (a closed blood taking system) for the two competitions separately before and after the competitions; and on 24th, 48th, and 72nd hours following the competitions in the research. For looking at the levels of Creatine Kinase (CK), Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH), Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST), and Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT), serums were obtained by centrifuging the blood samples those taken to determine the levels of the skeletal muscle damages of the wrestlers at 1000 RPM for 20 minutes. The enzyme levels of the blood samples (the serum of which was decomposed) were determined by the SIEMENS ADVIA biochemistry auto-analyzer using the SIEMENS kit. While the repetitive measurements were assessed via one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), the Bonferroni testing was applied in order to determine from which measurement times the differences were originated. The Paired Samples-t testing, meanwhile, was performed in order to compare the blood samples collected from the athletes at same times for the both completed competitions having different rules. No significant difference was observed between AST and ALT values on the aminotransferase of the wrestlers according to two different rules (p&#707;0.05). Whereas significant differences were confirmed between the values of 48 hours after and 72 hours after the competition for the LDH values (p<0.05), no significant difference, on the other hand, were detected between other values (p&#707;0.05). Although significant differences were observed between the results obtained following competition and 72 hours after the competition for the CK values (p<0.05), there was no significant difference between other values (p&#707;0.05). Consequently, it was observed that when the wrestlers took part in two-day wrestling competitions, the basal values were reached 72nd hour after the competition, and no muscle damage remained, whereas when they took part in half-day wrestling competitions it was confirmed at the end of the 72nd hour that the LDH and CK levels of the wrestlers couldn’t come close to the basal and the muscle damage was present (p<0.05).
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    Beden eğitimi ve spor yüksekokulu öğrencilerinin kariyer algılamalarının değerlendirilmesi
    (Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi, 2013) Ağaoğlu, Yavuz Selim; Eker, Hasan; Ağaoğlu, Sevilay
    Beden Eğitimi ve Spor alanındaki gelişmeler birlikte spor endüstrisinin gelişimini, yeni iş alanlarının doğmasını ve yeni imkânların yaratılmasını mümkün kılabilmiştir. Günümüzde Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Yüksekokullarından mezun olan öğrencilerin alanında aldığı eğitimi istediği şekilde değerlendirememesi bu alandaki mevcut sorunlar olarak görülmektedir. Öğrencilerin kariyer algılamalarının belirlenmesi ve elde edilen duruma göre çözüm üretilmesi çalışmaların daha verimli olmasını sağlayacaktır. Bu çalışmada Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi, Niğde Üniversitesi ve Gaziosmanpaşa Üniversitesi Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Yüksekokulu Antrenörlük Eğitimi ve Beden Eğitimi Öğretmenliği bölümlerinde öğrenim gören öğrencilerin kariyer algılamaları değerlendirilmiştir. Bu nedenle bilgi edinmek amaçlı olarak bir anket çalışması yapılmış ve bu anket çalışması 374 öğrenciye uygulanmıştır. Anket verileri yüzde ve frekans değerleri alınarak yorumlanmıştır. Çalışmada alanlarında öğrenim görmelerinin doğru tercih olduğunu belirten öğrencilerin n=165 (44,1)' i "kesinlikle katılıyorum" cevabını verirken, n=158 (42,2)'i ise "katılıyorum" cevabını vermişlerdir. Bu durum öğrencilerin tercih ederken öğrenim gördükleri alanın severek ve bilinçli tercih ettiklerini ve pozitif olarak algıladıklarını göstermektedir. Çalışmada elde edilen veriler öğrencilerin beden eğitimi ve spor alanındaki çalışmalara genellikle daha olumlu olarak yaklaştıklarını göstermektedir. Aynı zamanda mezuniyet sonrası kendi alanlarında çalışmak istediklerini belirtmişlerdir. Bu değerlendirmeler öğrencilerin öğreniminde ve gelecekle ilgili kariyer değerlendirmelerinde alan çalışmalarına katkı sağlayacaktır
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    Evaluation of high blood pressure, body mass index and blood lipids in obese, athletes and sedentary children in terms of cardiovascular risk factors
    (2013) Eker, Hasan
    The prevalence of obesity in children has been increasing so much quickly. The study was carried out for evaluating in terms of Cardiovascular Risk Factors (CRF), Body Mass Index (BMI), High Blood Pressure (BP), and some blood parameters. A total of 56 male children between the ages of 11 and 14, 20 of them athlete (mean age 12.80 ± 0.77 years), 19 obese (mean age 12.04 ± 1.18 years), and 17 in the sedentary control group (mean age 11.87 ± 1.18 years) participated in the study to assess the obesity-related risk factors. Of the participants, body weight, height, Body Mass Index (BMI), Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR), Energy Requirement, body fat mass, lean body mass, Systolic Blood Pressure (mmHg), Diastolic Blood (mmHg), Blood Sugar (mg/dL), insulin (mU/mL), CPeptide (ng/mL), HbA1c (%), Cholesterol (mg/dL), Triglyceride, LDL (mg/dL), HDL (mg/dL), CRP (mg/L), hemoglobin (g/dL), Hematocrit (%), and WBC (ml) were measured and recorded accordingly. The calculations and evaluations on the research, therefore, were accomplished using the program package, SPSS 18 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, Illinois). Negatively significant difference (p <0.05) were found in the systolic and diastolic blood pressure of obese children when compared both to the control group and the athlete group. The BMI values of the obesity group, therefore, were found meaningfully different from both the athlete and the control groups (p <0.017). Meaningful differences were determined, against the obese children, on blood lipids (p <0.05), and (p <0.017). That obtaining higher CRF levels in child obese than the sedentary and athlete groups shows the necessity of making sports in order to reduce down the CRF level. Some precautions, meanwhile, are needed to be taken in order to prevent the sedentary children from becoming obese adults in their future life.
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    Studying the serum ghrelin levels of the elite athletes and sedentary controls fasting at the time of Ramadan
    (2014) Eker, Hasan; Cicioğlu, İbrahim; Yetkin, İlhan; Gülbahar, Özlem; Alpay, C. Berkan
    The Ghrelin is produced primarily by enteroendocrine cells in the gastric mucosa, and increases gastric emptying in normal subjects. The purpose of this study is to determine the differences in the Ghrelin level during different times along the day, and to assess the differences between the athletes and sedentary at the end of Ramadan fasting period of one month. The results indicated that there were no significant difference among the Ghrelin levels of athletes and sedentary during different times through the day (p>0.05). Significant differences were observed between pre- and post-tests mean Ghrelin scores of subjects (p<0.05) without making a separation as an athlete and sedentary. Also, the results indicated no significant difference between repeated Ghrelin measurements of athletes and sedentary (p>0.05). A significant and positive relationship was found in the middle level at the percentages of BMI and body fat of both groups. Moreover, there were significant differences among BMI scores (p<0.01) and body fat % (p<0.05) of the athletes and sedentary. Consequently, fasting during Ramadan did not cause any differentiation on the serum Ghrelin level of athletes and sedentary, but without group differentiation there was significant increase from the initial measurement to the last measurement of the serum Ghrelin level. There was a significant and positive relationship at middle level between BMI and body fat % of both groups of athletes and sedentary. There was a significant relationship, on the other hand, between BMI and repeated Ghrelin measurements of subjects.
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    The effect of detraining and intensive training on asymmetric dimethylarginine and homocysteine: A study of cardiovascular disease risk factors in elite young athletes
    (Kamla-Raj Enterprises, 2015) Eker, Hasan
    The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of a 12 week detraining after a 16 week multicomponent training program including strength, anaerobic and aerobic exercises on the main determinants of Asymmetric Dimethylarginine (ADMA), homocysteine (Hcy) and some physiological markers. For this purpose, twenty-three well-trained young wrestlers (14.9±1.1 yr, 46.6 ± 9.9- 49.4 ± 9.6kg, 18.7± 2.3- 19.1 ± 2.0kg/m2) volunteers were assigned into training (n = 24) and control (n =13) groups. ADMA and Hcy were significantly higher during training season in wrestlers compared to control (P < 0.05). However, ADMA and Hcy were not significantly in control group compared to detraining season. There was no significant difference in training season between detraining season in wrestlers (P>0.05). © Kamla-Raj 2015.