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    Computed tomography analysis of impact response of lightweight sandwich panels with micro lattice core
    (SAGE Publications Ltd, 2018) Abrate, Serge; Epasto, Gabriella; Kara, Emre; Crupi, Vincenzo; Guglielmino, Eugenio; Aykul, Halil
    One of the main focuses in transportation engineering is the application of sandwich materials in order to create safer and efficient vehicles. The main focus of this study was the application of 3D computed tomography for analyzing the responses of sandwich panels with micro lattice core subjected to impact loading. Micro lattice specimens were manufactured using Ti-6Al-4V powder by means of a direct metal laser sintering system. A theoretical model was applied for predicting the failure initiation loads under impact loading. The predictions presented good consistency with the experimental measurements. The 3D computed tomography system was used for the analysis of the collapse modes of the micro lattice sandwich panels after low-velocity impact tests. Experimental and theoretical results proved that lightweight sandwich panels with micro lattice cores are excellent energy absorbers and, therefore, they could have significant applications in the transportation industry. © 2018, © IMechE 2018.
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    Flexural behaviour of glass fiber reinforced aluminium honeycomb sandwiches in flatwise and edgewise positions
    (European Conference on Composite Materials, ECCM, 2014) Kara, Emre; Crupi, Vincenzo; Epasto, Gabriella; Guglielmino, Eugenio; Aykul, Halil
    The goal of this research was the analysis of edgewise bending response of sandwiches, which consists of aluminium honeycomb sandwich reinforced by outer skins made of glass fiber reinforced epoxy matrix. The test results at different values of support span distances in terms of peak loads and absorbed energy were compared with those obtained by flatwise bending tests and by similar tests on aluminium honeycomb sandwiches without outer skins. The failure mechanisms have been also investigated. The experimental results presented that the sandwiches in the edgewise position failed at a higher load with less deflection compared to the specimens tested in the flatwise position. The current work has an important role in several areas, such as transport industry, in which lightweight structures with high capacity of energy dissipation is required.
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    Low velocity impact response of glass fiber reinforced aluminium foam sandwich
    (European Conference on Composite Materials, ECCM, 2012) Kara, Emre; Crupi, Vincenzo; Epasto, Gabriella; Guglielmino, Eugenio; Aykul, Halil
    The aim of this study was the analysis of the bending and the low - velocity impact response of aluminium foam sandwich reinforced by the outer skins made of glass fiber reinforced epoxy matrix and the results were compared with those obtained for aluminium foam sandwiches without glass fiber skins. Static bending tests were carried on panels with the same nominal size at different support span distances in order to analyze the collapse modes and their capacity of absorbing energy, while the energy amount absorbed under dynamic loading was evaluated by means of impact tests. The experimental investigation has particular importance for applications which require lightweight structures with a high capacity of energy dissipation, such as transport industries.
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    Prediction model for the impact response of glass fibre reinforced aluminium foam sandwiches
    (Elsevier Ltd, 2015) Crupi, Vincenzo; Kara, Emre; Epasto, Gabriella; Guglielmino, Eugenio; Aykul, Halil
    The use of sandwich structures combines low weight with high energy absorbing capacity, so they are suitable for applications in the transport industry (automotive, aerospace, shipbuilding industry), where the "lightweight design" philosophy and the safety of vehicles are very important aspects. The goal of this paper was the analysis of the bending and the low - velocity impact response of aluminium foam sandwiches reinforced by the outer skins made of glass fibre reinforced epoxy matrix. The results were compared with those obtained for aluminium foam sandwiches without glass fibre skins. An analytical model for the peak load prediction under low velocity impact was developed and the predicted values are in good agreement with the experimental measurements. The impact response of the sandwiches was investigated using a theoretical approach, based on the energy balance model and the model parameters were obtained by the tomographic analyses of the impacted panels. This combined experimental and theoretical investigation has particular importance for applications that require lightweight composite structures with a high capacity of energy dissipation, such as the transport industry, where problems of collision and crash have increased in the last years. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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    Static behavior of lattice structures produced via direct metal laser sintering technology
    (Elsevier Ltd, 2017) Crupi, Vincenzo; Kara, Emre; Epasto, Gabriella; Guglielmino, Eugenio; Aykul, Halil
    The aim of this scientific work was the analysis of the micro lattice structures under uniaxial quasi-static compression loading with regard to the effect of unit cell size and strut diameter. A wide range of cubic lattice blocks designed in a CAD software were fabricated using Ti6Al4V (Ti64) metal powder and two different production parameters in the direct metal laser sintering machine. The failure modes of the specimens were investigated and the 3D Computed Tomography system was used for the morphological analysis of the struts. An analytical model, developed by Gibson and Ashby, was adapted to the titanium body centered cubic lattices in order to predict their mechanical properties for compressive loading. Moreover, the compressive responses of the lattice structures were also studied using a numerical approach based on finite element analysis. Both experimental and theoretical results presented good agreement in terms of mechanical properties of the body centered cubic lattices and showed that such structures are great energy absorbers. Theoretical approaches gave significant results on the predictions of mechanical properties of these cellular structures, which are suitable for biomedical and transport engineering applications, in order to save manufacturing cost and time. © 2017 Elsevier Ltd
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    Theoretical and experimental analysis for the impact response of glass fibre reinforced aluminium honeycomb sandwiches
    (SAGE Publications Ltd, 2018) Crupi, Vincenzo; Kara, Emre; Epasto, Gabriella; Guglielmino, Eugenio; Aykul, Halil
    Honeycomb sandwich structures are increasingly used in the automotive, aerospace and shipbuilding industries where fuel savings, increase in load carrying capacity, vehicle safety and decrease in gas emissions are very important aspects. The aim of this study was to develop the theoretical methods, initially proposed by the authors and by other researchers for the prediction of low-velocity impact responses of sandwich structures. The developed methods were applied to sandwich structures with aluminium honeycomb cores and glass-epoxy facings for the assessment of impact parameters and for the prediction of limit loads. The values of model parameters were compared with data reported in literature and the predictions of the limit loads were validated by means of the experimental data. Good achievement was obtained between the results of the theoretical models and the experimental data. The failure mode and the internal damage of the sandwich panels have been investigated using 3D computed tomography, which allowed the evaluation of parameters of energy balance model, and infrared thermography, which allowed the detection of the temperature evolution of the specimens during the tests. The experimental and theoretical results demonstrated that the use of glass-epoxy reinforcement on aluminium honeycomb sandwiches enhances the energy absorption and load carrying capacities. © 2016, © The Author(s) 2016.