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    EPIGENETIC FEATURES OF HUMAN SKULLS FROM DATCA-BURGAZ EXCAVATIONS
    (Univ Agean, Dept Mediterranean Stud, 2014) Cirak, Asuman; Arihan, Seda Karaoz; Erkman, Ahmet Cem; Cirak, Mustafa Tolga
    Although Anatolia includes a rich anthropological data source, studies based on nonmeasurable features are limited. Thus, this study, aiming to contribute to this field, compares 30 nonmetric features belonging to 47 skeletons from the Datca Peninsula, dated to the Roman period, with 19 nonmeasurable features on the skulls of individuals belonging to 9 different populations that lived in different geographical areas between the Early Bronze Age to the first quarter of the 20th century. Biological relations between Ancient Anatolian populations were investigated by multivariable statistical processes. Use of epigenetic features is an informative method for determining the degree of biological proximity or distance in ancient populations. The non-measurable features of the cranium are of great value to researchers for the assessment of both hereditary and environmental factors when studying such populations. In this study, 30 nonmetric features of 47 skeletons, dated to the Archaic and Roman periods, excavated from the Datca Peninsula between 1993 and 2001, were investigated. The parietal foramen was the most frequently observed feature (43.7%). The lambdoid bone (23.5%), bone on the asterion (20%), zygomaticofacial foramen (16.6%), foramen ovale (14.2%), and bone on the lambda (12.5%) were among the most frequently encountered epigenetic characters. Cluster analysis showed 2 different groupings. Those findings are remarkable and show the presence of biological and environmental similarities between ancient Anatolian populations.
  • [ X ]
    Öğe
    Kelenderis halkının diş ve çene paleopatolojlieri
    (Mersin University, 2017) Çırak, Asuman; Çırak, Mustafa Tolga; Erkman, Ahmet Cem
    As teeth and surrounding tissues have a different biological structure and anatomy, there is no doubt that they are more reliable and available than other parts of a skeleton. Teeth are the easiest caries and wearing organisms although they are more resistant than other parts of the body. Pathological situations as dental caries, tooth wear, abscess, tartar and periodontal diseases deliver more information such as the eating habits and the general health status of the population than other parts of the skeleton. There is no doubt that there is rich material dealing with the odontological findings in the Mediterranean region because of the fact that the sites here hosted many civilizations throughout history. Kelenderis is one of these ancient sites. Food production, consumption and the economy in Kelenderis give us information on the dental health which is one of the major factors, directly affecting the quality of life and welfare of the individual .719 Permanent teeth of 113 individual pieces were examined in Kelenderis. Periodontal diseases have been the most common exposured ones of the community. This lesion is observed in 78.94% of the individuals. 37.94% ante mortem teeth lose, 25.66% hypoplasia, 21.89% tartar, 10.32% dental caries and 3.37% apse are observed respectively. These rates show us the high amout of health problems among the people of Kelenderis. In addition, eating habits and lifestyle of the population were different from the ones of other ancient Anatolian people. While rates indicate significant information including the nutrition habits and the general health situation of the society, tooth wears reveal the comprehensive results regarding the individual's age, diet and cultural habits. Oral and dental health is one of the indicators of a good diet. The probability of occurrence of dental caries is highly due to poor nutrition at communities having poor socioeconomic status. The political and economic fluctuations in the Mediterranean region adversely affected eating habits and lifestyles of the Kelenderis population. Moreover, physiological stress, unbalanced and irregular eating, fever, and epidemic diseases had rather adverse effects on children and infants in Kelenderis. In this case, it appears that hypoplasia rates are indicators of systematic and traumatic diseases. It is certain that jaw and tooth diseases among the people of Kelenderis have been one of the biggest health problems.
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    Öğe
    Khalkeritis ve Tokul Şapel iskeletlerinin travma analizleri
    (Hitit Üniversitesi, 2015) Çırak, Asuman; Arıhan Karaöz, Seda; Erkman, Ahmet Cem; Acar, Emel
    Geçmişten günümüze iskeleti en yaygın biçimde etkileyen patolojik rahatsızlıkların başında gelen travma olgusu ekolojik ortam, sosyo-ekonomik yaşam, siyasi ve sosyal hareketlilikten etkilenmektedir. Bu çalışmada Geç Bizans Dönemine tarihlendirilen, Khalkeritis (Giresun Adası) ve Tokul (Kütahya) şapel kazılarından ele geçen iskeletlerin travmaları incelenmiştir. Khalkeritis Kilise toplumunda 1 bireye ait kafatası travması, 7 bireye ait gövde travması olmak üzere toplam 8 bireyde (% 4,65), Tokul Köyü Kilise topluluğunda 5 bireyde kafatası travması, 6 bireyde gövde travması olmak üzere toplam 11 bireyde (% 22,44) yaralanma olgusuna rastlanmıştır. Her iki toplumda da travmalar ölüme sebep olmamıştır. Balıkçılıkla geçimini sağlayan Khalkeritis ada toplumunda ve tarımla geçimini sağlayan Tokul toplumunda günlük işler sırasında meydana gelen kazalar sebebiyle travmaların oluştuğu söylenebilir. Yine her iki toplumda travmalar için tedavi yapıldığı ancak tedavilerin yetersiz düzeyde olduğu söylenebilir.