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    Kayaca, a new vertebrate locality from the Upper Miocene of Türkiye and its importance for the Turolian biogeography of the eastern peri-Mediterranean region
    (SPRINGER HEIDELBERG, 2025) Konidaris, GE; Aytek, Aİ; Kostopoulos, DS; Yavuz, AY; Tarhan, E; Alçiçek, MC; Uyar, N; Harvati, K
    We present here a new Upper Miocene vertebrate locality, Kayaca, from the Beya & gbreve;a & ccedil; Basin in southwestern T & uuml;rkiye that was discovered after surface survey and was subsequently systematically excavated. The locality yielded a diverse and rich vertebrate fauna notably including several complete cranial specimens. In this article we provide the first results on the taxonomy of the large mammal assemblage, and we discuss the biochronological implications. The Kayaca large mammal assemblage is dominated by hipparionine horses (Hipparion dietrichi morphotype, Cremohipparion sp.) and bovids (Gazella cf. ancyrensis, Sporadotragus parvidens, Tragoportax sp., Palaeoryx pallasi and the rare Gangraia), but includes also rhinocerotids (Miodiceros neumayri, Diceros sp.), suids (Hippopotamodon major), giraffids (Palaeotragus rouenii, Samotherium major), hystricids (Hystrix sp.), orycteropodids (Amphiorycteropus gaudryi), proboscideans (Deinotherium sp., Elephantimorpha indet.) and carnivorans. The latter are identified by some well-preserved specimens belonging to ictitheres (Protictitherium sp.), hyaenids (Adcrocuta eximia), felids (Pontosmilus sp. and a medium-sized felid) but also to the rare mustelid Parataxidea maraghana. The preliminary comparison with already known and well-studied faunal assemblages of T & uuml;rkiye and the wider region, particularly the neighboring localities of Samos in Greece, suggest an age of ca. 7.4, close to the transition of early/middle Turolian (MN 11/12). Located at the western corner of Asia, Kayaca comprises a key location linking the vertebrate faunas of Asia and Europe and offers valuable insights into the Late Miocene terrestrial ecosystems of the eastern peri-Mediterranean region.