Yazar "Isik, Zekeriya" seçeneğine göre listele

Listeleniyor 1 - 4 / 4
  • [ X ]
    Öğe
    Gender in Public Sphere in The Ottoman Empire and Woman with Gender Identity (1836-1900): Corum Ecclesiastical Court Case
    (Ahmet Yesevi Univ, 2018) Isik, Zekeriya
    The presence of women in Ottoman society in the public sphere and visibility issues patriarchal family settlement have been studied and explained within shaia's strict ru-les. However, this situation is closely linked with gender culture of the Ottoman soci-ety. The Ottoman gender culture has composed of the reflection of autochthonic Turkish traditions and compromised Islamic Law and it is provided with distinctive cha-racteristics. West effect concentrating by modernization process and wealthy empire fac-tors should not be denied. In fact, Corum Sharia Court reports, unlike wthat is suppo-sed to be, have revealed quite strong and dynamic woman typology in Ottoman gen-der identity and gender role id. According to this, women were confined to neither in harem in their house nor veil which alleged they inserted into. Rather, she is a real ac-tor and can be seen at every turn in the social and public sphere.
  • [ X ]
    Öğe
    RELATIONS OF NON-MUSLIMS WITH SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT IN THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE ACCORDING TO CORUM KADI REGISTERS (1839-1909)
    (Hitit Univ, 2020) Isik, Zekeriya
    Non-Muslims in the Ottoman Empire enjoyed a wide variety of rights such as the safety of their lives, property, honor and freedom of thought, religion and worship as required by the nation system. They were able to maintain their own culture and to adapt to the system through the rights granted to them in the fields of administrative and private law in accordance with the non-Muslim law. However, despite these wide range of rights granted to them in penal-law cases concerning the public, non-Muslims were still able to apply to the kadi courts in matters that fall under private law cases such as inheritance, custody and proxy. When the cases concerning daily-life relations between non-Muslims and Muslims became common in addition to the types of court cases mentioned above, the kadi registers turned into a really important argument in revealing the nature of the aforementioned relations. The purpose of this study is to address the kadi registers, which are mostly analyzed on their judicial or legal aspects, from a different perspective to reveal the nature of the relations of non-Muslims with their environment. The reason for selecting the kadi registers of Corum is the significant variety of examples provided by the city, because by the mid-19th century Armenians started arriving particularly from Talas and Germir districts of Kayseri, and in addition to them there were also Greeks, Catholic and Protestants settled in the area and established relations with the local community. The idea is that the change and transformation that Corum went through from a homogeneous Muslim Turkish city to a heterogeneous imperial city would provide essential data in terms of understanding and making sense of similar historical developments. Following the Industrial Revolution, Europe's need for food and provisions increased and this played a major role in the development of Corum as it is located on the transport route between central areas of Turkey and the northern port town of Samsun. By the late 19th century the rate of non-Muslims, mostly merchants, settling in the area increased rapidly and they started living in different parts of the city. Due to the reason that the non-Muslims chose settling in the existing neighborhoods rather than gathering in certain places or establishing a new neighborhood, their relations with the Muslim community diversified and deepened. As such, non-Muslims formed various types of relations with the Muslim communities during this period as a reflection of the coexistence culture throughout the empire. These relations were mostly reconciliation-centered but there were some disputes in some cases. The relations were also multi-dimensional and had administrative, legal, judiciary, social and cultural aspects, concerning various matters such as charitable institutions, religious conversion, finding and constructing worship places. In addition, there were very strong relations formed with Muslim communities in social and economic life, ranging from livestock farming, land, garden and business partnership, home and shop ownership to tenancy, among other daily matters. In this study, the mentioned relationship network is explained in four parts. In the first part, the social and demographic change process during which Corum evolved into a cosmopolitan imperial city in the 19th century is explained. In the second part, as the number of non-Muslims, their influence and political impact in the city increased over the time, their increasingly diverse relations with the Muslim community are emphasized. In the third part, the legal and judicial issues between non-Muslims and the Muslim community are explained. Ottoman court records contain essential data regarding the legal and judicial relations of non-Muslims with both the Muslim community and the public sphere. In the fourth and last chapter, the multifaceted economic ties of non-Muslims with Muslims are discussed.
  • [ X ]
    Öğe
    THE NATURE OF THE FIGHT AGAINST MALARIA EPIDEMIC DURING THE LATTER STAGES OF OTTOMAN ERA AND FIRST QUARTER CENTURY OF THE REPUBLIC
    (Selcuk Univ, Inst Turkish Studies, 2021) Isik, Zekeriya
    One of the events that left deep scars on the history of humanity are epidemics. With their destructive and devastating powers, epidemics led to significant impacts and changes on the demographic structures, political, social, economic, cultural lives of communities. Hence, malaria, the subject of this study, is also a fatal epidemic which has been known since the times when humans began agricultural activities. Malaria turned into a mass epidemic issue in the army and in some settlements in the Ottoman Empire, particularly during the first quarter of the 20th century. Wars, political crises, migrations, famine, poor living conditions have all encouraged malaria epidemics. Ottoman Empire actually did take some significant measures against malaria but the difficult conditions of the time prevented those measures to be effective. Then during the early years of the Republic, the postwar nation was also going through difficult times and this coupled with the deficiencies in health infrastructure helped malaria to spread easily. Thereupon, the state declared a total national struggle, or an official war against malaria, with an obligation for all public and private elements to unite. This study has been conducted with the purpose of providing a general overview of the struggle against malaria during the latter stages of the Ottoman period and the first quarter of the century of the Republic, discussing the kind of steps taken, policies and practises developed, hence conveying a historic experience on battling malaria and other similar epidemics.
  • [ X ]
    Öğe
    ZEKERIYA ISIK: The Attitudes of Sects Toward State Authority in 19th Century Ottoman Society
    (Turk Tarih Kurumu, 2017) Isik, Zekeriya
    Throughout history, individuals involved in the community and groups against the absolute authority of the state, administrative and legal sanctions; has sought to escape routes by creating a number of ways. It has been observed that sects which sheikh based organized structures, sheiks and dervishes as the parts of subject /subordinate against the absolute authority of the state developed many various metis ways and means. It is understood that sages sometimes by using rational, practical and pragmatic namely virtual ways and sometimes by using idiosyncratic religious, mystical namely esoteric ways escaped the rules of authority, instutions and practitioners, on condition that not abnegate periodical differences. When it has departed from the Ottoman archive documents it has been observed that they used many various metis ways such as hiding in the sect environment, disguise, escape, parry, benefitting by penetrating to bureaucracy channel and state institutions, unreal statements, compromise, conflict, take advantage of the loophole in the law, simulation, strategy development, cunning and trickery. These events pointing to versatility in state-sect, society- sect relationships at the same time it has great importance to be evaluated healthier to being talked about the sections' behavior and attitudes develop towards each other in an analytical way. Ottoman modernization that imposed the elimination of traditional instutions and rules when the centralization in almost every area rebuilt state power and authority- in modern meaning- escape routes that sages he saw himself as a way out have been decisive for its relations with the state and society and as well as own prosperities.