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    A potential non-invasive glioblastoma treatment: Nose-to-brain delivery of farnesylthiosalicylic acid incorporated hybrid nanoparticles
    (Elsevier B.V., 2017) Şekerdağ, Emine; Lüle, Sevda; Bozdağ Pehlivan, Sibel; Öztürk, Naile; Kara, Aslı; Kaffashi, Abbas; Vural, İmran; Işıkay, İlkay; Yavuz, Burçin; Karlı Oğuz, Hatice Kader; Söylemezoğlu, Figen; Gürsoy Özdemir, Yasemin; Mut, Melike
    New drug delivery systems are highly needed in research and clinical area to effectively treat gliomas by reaching a high antineoplastic drug concentration at the target site without damaging healthy tissues. Intranasal (IN) administration, an alternative route for non-invasive drug delivery to the brain, bypasses the blood-brainbarrier (BBB) and eliminates systemic side effects. This study evaluated the antitumor efficacy of farnesylthiosalicylic acid (FTA) loaded (lipid-cationic) lipid-PEG-PLGA hybrid nanoparticles (HNPs) after IN application in rats. FTA loaded HNPs were prepared, characterized and evaluated for cytotoxicity. Rat glioma 2 (RG2) cells were implanted unilaterally into the right striatum of female Wistar rats. 10 days later, glioma bearing rats received either no treatment, or 5 repeated doses of 500 mu M freshly prepared FTA loaded HNPs via IN or intravenous (IV) application. Pre-treatment and post-treatment tumor sizes were determined with MRI. After a treatment period of 5 days, IN applied FTA loaded HNPs achieved a significant decrease of 55.7% in tumor area, equal to IV applied FTA loaded HNPs. Herewith, we showed the potential utility of IN application of FTA loaded HNPs as a non-invasive approach in glioblastoma treatment.