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    Comparison of long-term clinical and radiologic outcomes of AperFix and fixed loop device fixation in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: A retrospective study
    (LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS, 2025) Kaya, S; Güven, N; Ünal, YC; Özkan, S; Adanas, C; Türkozu, T; Danişman, F; İsmailov, U; Dündar, A; Akdemir, Z; Gökalp, MA
    Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction aims to improve knee stability and range of motion. The AperFix system consists of polymer components, and fixed-loop fixation is an established endoscopic technique. Our aim in this study was to compare the long-term clinical and radiological results of AperFix and fixed-loop fixation and to prove that the long-term results of the AperFix fixation method are at least as good as those of the fixed loop device. This retrospective study included 109 patients who underwent primary anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using single bundled hamstring tendon grafts. Patients under 16 years of age, patients with incomplete follow-up, bilateral or other ligament injuries, inflammatory arthropathy, previous knee surgery, or concurrent meniscal treatment were excluded. Participants were divided into 2 groups according to femoral fixation methods: AperFix fixation (group 1, n = 55) and fixed loop device fixation (group 2, n = 54). All operations were performed by senior surgeons under general or spinal anesthesia. Postoperative rehabilitation started on day 1 and allowed patients to resume normal activities at 6 months. Outcomes were evaluated during follow-up, including knee range of motion, clinical scores [Lysholm, Cincinnati, Tegner, and International Knee Documentation Committee] and radiographic measurements of femoral tunnel width and length. Measurements were performed by 2 orthopedic surgeons to ensure reliability. This study evaluated 109 patients (55 in group 1, 54 in group 2) and found no statistically significant differences in demographic variables such as age, sex, body mass index, follow-up duration, or side distribution. Clinical outcomes, including anterior drawer test, Lachman test results, knee flexion-extension degrees, and Lysholm, Cincinnati, Tegner, and International Knee Documentation Committee scores, were similar between the groups (P > .05). Complications occurred in 8 cases (rerupture, infection, and deep vein thrombosis), with no significant correlation to the fixation method used (P = .506). Radiographic analysis revealed no significant differences in femoral tunnel width or length between the groups (P > .05). In our current study, no meaningful disparity was found between the AperFix and fixed loop device methods in terms of long-term clinical outcomes. As there are no long-term studies on the results of AperFix fixation in the literature, more studies on this subject are needed.
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    Enhanced prediction of ozone concentrations using an artificial neural network model
    (PLAPIQUI(UNS-CONICET), 2025) Uğuz, G; Karadurmuş, E; Kaya, S; Göz, E; Akyazı, H; Yüceer, M
    The primary goal of this research was to develop an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model to predict ozone (O3) concentrations using hourly data obtained from a monitoring station in Samsun City, located in the Middle Black Sea Region of Turkey. The dataset utilized encompassed the years from 2016 to 2020. The ANN architecture incorporated eleven input nodes representing various parameters: month, hour, concentrations of particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10), nitrogen oxides (NOx), wind direction, relative humidity, air temperature, wind speed, cabin temperature of the measuring station, and air pressure. The focus of the model's output was on predicting the O3 concentration. During the training and testing phases, the ANN model displayed outstanding performance, as evidenced by correlation coefficients nearing one. The model also registered minimal values for Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE, %), Mean Absolute Error (MAE) and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE). In the training phase, the model achieved a Training R-value of 0.9993, an RMSE of 0.7424, a M APE of 4.3221 %, and a MAE of 0.5301. The testing phase showed equally strong results, with a Test R-value of 0.9990, an RMSE of 0.8595, a M APE of 4.5642 %, and an MAE of 0.5823. These outcomes emphasize the model's ability to accurately predict ozone concentrations, markedly enhancing the precision compared to previous models based on traditional statistical methods. The findings of this study highlight the potential of this ANN model in providing precise ozone concentration readings in the atmosphere. The proposed ANN model distinguishes itself from previous studies by incorporating more representative variables as inputs, significantly boosting prediction accuracy. Additionally, the removal of outliers during preprocessing enhances data quality, thereby increasing the reliability of the predictions. Despite its simple structure, the model demonstrates high performance, making it both innovative and effective in comparison to earlier models. Moreover, the model's superior performance may reduce the need for additional measurement devices at newly established monitoring stations.
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    Experimental evaluation of timing and preference of surgical ıntervention for crush syndrome in disaster scenarios: fasciotomy or amputation? A rat model study
    (BMC, 2025) Kaya, S; Ünal, YC; Güven, N; Dündar, A; Keleş, ÖF; Başbuğan, Y
    Background Crush syndrome is a severe condition caused by the systemic effects of rhabdomyolysis due to prolonged muscle compression. Common in disasters like earthquakes, it poses life-threatening risks, including acute renal failure, hyperkalemia, and metabolic acidosis. Although surgical interventions such as fasciotomy and amputation are critical in its management, the optimal timing and criteria remain unclear. This study investigates the impact of surgical intervention timing on crush syndrome outcomes, providing guidance through the first experimental rat model evaluating fasciotomy and amputation post-injury. Methods Forty-eight Wistar albino rats were divided into six groups. Rhabdomyolysis was induced experimentally, followed by amputation or fasciotomy at 0, 12, or 24 h. The control group underwent rhabdomyolysis induction without surgery. Weekly urine samples were collected during the study, and blood, muscle, and kidney tissues were examined biochemically and histopathologically at the experiment's end. Data analysis focused on the systemic and tissue-specific effects of intervention timing. Results Early intervention groups (0 h) demonstrated minimal muscle inflammation and necrosis, preserved muscle fiber arrangement, and more pronounced regeneration. Late interventions (12 and 24 h) were associated with intense inflammation, necrosis, edema, and hemorrhage in muscle tissue. Immediate amputation (0 h) limited toxic metabolite effects, reducing kidney inflammation and damage. Late interventions showed increased interstitial nephritis and inflammatory cell infiltration in kidney tissue. Biochemical analyses revealed that urinary myoglobin levels decreased and renal function was preserved in the early intervention groups. Conclusions The timing of surgical intervention is critical in managing crush syndrome. Early amputation and fasciotomy minimized necrosis and inflammation in muscle tissue, supported tissue regeneration, and reduced systemic complications by preventing toxic metabolite accumulation in the kidneys. Early amputation particularly showed superior renal protection and lower systemic complication risks compared to late interventions. These findings highlight the importance of timely surgical action and provide valuable insights for developing effective treatment strategies in disaster settings. However, the descriptive nature of the study and the fact that the data obtained from the experimental model cannot be directly applied to clinical practice should be taken into account. Therefore, the findings should be supported by future clinical trials.
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    Investigation of local plant extracts on biodiesel crystallization temperatures using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC)
    (TURKISH SOC THERMAL SCIENCES TECHNOLOGY, 2025) Uğuz, G; Özkınalı, S; Nacak, S; Karakullukçu, NT; Kaya, S; Çakmak, A
    This study investigated the natural antioxidant efficiencies of various plant extracts (Achillea millefolium L., Helichrysum arenarium L. Moench, and Rosa canina L.) on the biodiesel's oxidative stability. The Soxhlet method obtained plant extracts, and their antioxidant activities on biodiesel-diesel blends were evaluated by high-performance liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) techniques. FT-IR spectrum of Achillea millefolium L. indicates the presence of ferrulic acid, caffeic acid, and coumaric acid in the extract, and C-H stretching vibrations detected at 2959 cm-1 and 2923 cm-1 showed the presence of catechin, taxifolin, and naringenin in the extract. Helichrysum arenarium L. Moench. and Rosa canina L. IR Spectra showed kaempherol, naringenin, chrysin, and butein. The plant extracts with 3000 ppm concentration were added to biodiesel-diesel blends consisting of 20% biodiesel and 80% diesel as natural antioxidants. The blend samples were coded as B20D80, B20D80A, B20D80H, and B20D80R. The crystallization temperatures (Tcr) were determined by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), and the results show that the crystallization onset temperatures for B20D80, B20D80A, B20D80H, and B20D80R were-8.07 degrees C, -8.16 degrees C, -8.34 degrees C, and-8.61 degrees C, respectively. Tcr values of samples with antioxidants were decreased compared to the non-antioxidant sample (B20D80). Additionally, the thermophysical properties of the samples were determined, and the results showed that the basic fuel properties were slightly affected by adding plant extracts to the base fuel sample.