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    First report of “Mammut” (Mammalia, Proboscidea) from the Upper Miocene of Turkey
    (TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC, 2023) Konidaris, George E.; Aytek, Ahmet İhsan; Yavuz, Alper Yener; Tarhan, Erhan; Alçiçek, Mehmet Cihat
    Mammutidae comprise a proboscidean family that originated in Africa during the late Oligocene, dispersedacross the Holarctic during the Miocene, and survived in North America until the end of the Pleistocene. Despite their longevolutionary history and wide geographic distribution mammutids are particularly scarce in the Miocene of Eurasia. Here, wepresent a new mammutid specimen (an upper deciduous premolar) from the Upper Miocene locality of Sazak insouthwestern Turkey. Morphological and metric traits of the tooth, in particular the well-expressed zygodonty, are distinctfrom the more basalZygolophodonand permit its assignment to the more derived“Mammut.”Due to the absence ofmore diagnostic specimens, a specific attribution is not possible; however, considering the Turolian age of the associatedfauna an attribution to the Late Miocene representative of the genus,“Mammut”obliquelophus, is possible. Turolianmammutids are rare in the fossil record and therefore our knowledge remains only fragmentary. Despite the existence ofa single specimen, the presence of this genus in Sazak corresponds to itsfirst report in the Upper Miocene of Turkey, aswell as thefirst one in western Asia. The presence of“Mammut”in the Upper Miocene of China was recently confirmed,and therefore the record of“Mammut”at Sazak, i.e., at the western margin of Asia, not only adds to the scanty record ofthe genus in the Upper Miocene of Eurasia but also provides another line of evidence of the paleozoogeographic linkenabling Europe–East Asia proboscidean interchanges during the Late Miocene.
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    Kayaca, a new vertebrate locality from the Upper Miocene of Türkiye and its importance for the Turolian biogeography of the eastern peri-Mediterranean region
    (SPRINGER HEIDELBERG, 2025) Konidaris, George E. ; Aytek, Ahmet İhsan; Kostopoulos, Dimitris S.; Yavuz, Alper Yener; Tarhan, Erhan; Alçiçek, Mehmet Cihat; Uyar, Nail; Harvati, Katerina
    We present here a new Upper Miocene vertebrate locality, Kayaca, from the Beya & gbreve;a & ccedil; Basin in southwestern T & uuml;rkiye that was discovered after surface survey and was subsequently systematically excavated. The locality yielded a diverse and rich vertebrate fauna notably including several complete cranial specimens. In this article we provide the first results on the taxonomy of the large mammal assemblage, and we discuss the biochronological implications. The Kayaca large mammal assemblage is dominated by hipparionine horses (Hipparion dietrichi morphotype, Cremohipparion sp.) and bovids (Gazella cf. ancyrensis, Sporadotragus parvidens, Tragoportax sp., Palaeoryx pallasi and the rare Gangraia), but includes also rhinocerotids (Miodiceros neumayri, Diceros sp.), suids (Hippopotamodon major), giraffids (Palaeotragus rouenii, Samotherium major), hystricids (Hystrix sp.), orycteropodids (Amphiorycteropus gaudryi), proboscideans (Deinotherium sp., Elephantimorpha indet.) and carnivorans. The latter are identified by some well-preserved specimens belonging to ictitheres (Protictitherium sp.), hyaenids (Adcrocuta eximia), felids (Pontosmilus sp. and a medium-sized felid) but also to the rare mustelid Parataxidea maraghana. The preliminary comparison with already known and well-studied faunal assemblages of T & uuml;rkiye and the wider region, particularly the neighboring localities of Samos in Greece, suggest an age of ca. 7.4, close to the transition of early/middle Turolian (MN 11/12). Located at the western corner of Asia, Kayaca comprises a key location linking the vertebrate faunas of Asia and Europe and offers valuable insights into the Late Miocene terrestrial ecosystems of the eastern peri-Mediterranean region.