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    Hellenistic wine press in Burgaz/Old Knidos
    (Orta Doğu Teknik Üniversitesi, 2014) Koparal, Elif; Tuna, Numan; İplikçi, A. Ertan
    Wine has always been an essential commodity for the entire Mediterranean basin all through the antiquity. The convenient climate for viniculture led to the expanded production of wine as a trade commodity and also triggered the economic development for Greek city-states during the Late Classical and Hellenistic periods in particular. Despite the fact that wine production dated back to at least 3rd millennium BC (Forbes, 1955, 139) there was a dramatic expansion in organized wine production as a trade commodity during the Hellenistic period on the basis of evidence related to discovered wine-press installations, amphora workshops and distribution of trade amphorae in the Mediterranean basin (Şenol, 2010).
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    Öğe
    Teos and Kyrbissos
    (Mersin University, 2013) Koparal, Elif
    An inscription recording the sympolitea between Teos and Kyrbissos was found in 1976 at the cemetery of Ulamış village at Seferihisar. The inscription was published by Jeanne and Louise Robert in the same year. Dated to the 3rd century BC, the inscription has been quoted and commented on frequently, because it reflects a detailed description of sympolitea and an example of federation processes of the Hellenistic period. The small number of inscriptions recording cases of sympolitea and synoikismos probably reflects a larger phenomenon of the political environment of the Hellenistic period, in which federalization played a key role. In Ionia, Teos as well as Smyrna and Miletos incorporated nearby settlements into their territory through sympolitea for reinforcing their defensive system as well as increasing the size of their territory and agricultural potential. Although the sympolitea treaties were sometimes concerned with economic issues the main goal was to protect the integrity of the khora. Almost all of the sites absorbed by central settlements through sympolitea are fortified sites located on the fringes of the khora. Even if the sympolitea treaties resulted in the absorption of smaller settlements the pacts provide mutual benefits for both sides. Sympolitea didnot require a physical unification as did synoikismos; rather, it was a political unification. In most cases the inhabitants of the smaller settlement were granted citizenship within the larger one. The aim of this article is to present an archaeological assessment of the survey finds obtained from the Kocadömen Tepe as well as to make a suggestion for the function and the identification of the site on Kocadömen Tepe under the light of epigraphic finds and discussions related to our survey area. Archaeological surveys carried out at the territories of Klazomenai and Teos have provided insight about the borders of the khorai and the defensive network of those two poleis. Depending on the archaeological evidence from Kocadömen Tepe, the epigraphic finds and discussions we may suggest Kocadömen Tepe situated 18 kilometers northeast of Teos, as the site of Kyrbissos. Surface finds prove that the site has been inhabited from the 8th-7th century BC to the end of Hellenistic period. The surface finds include terracotta, architectural fragments and terracotta relief vases which indicate the presence of a public building, highlighting the significance of the settlement during the Late Archaic period. Because its location at the northeast fringe of Teian territory and the fortification wall that encircled the settlement, Kocadömentepe offers a plausible location for Ionian Kyrbissos.