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    Therapeutic Effects of tDCS on Calcium and Glutamate Excitotoxicity in a Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Rat Model
    (TURKISH NEUROSURGICAL SOC, 2025) Akçay, G; Demirdöğen, F; Kotan, D; Gül, T; Yılmaz, A; Ergül, YM; Çelik, C
    AIM: To investigate the therapeutic effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on calcium and glutamate excitotoxicity caused by ischemia-reperfusion (IR). MATERIAL and METHODS: The IR model was generated by transient middle cerebral artery occlusion. tDCS treatment was applied at 1 mA for 30 min daily at the 2nd, 24th, and 48th h of IR. The motor and cognitive functions and the concentrations of Ca2+, glutamate, and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) in the hippocampus tissues were evaluated. RESULTS: Results showed a reduction in motor and cognitive functions in the IR group compared with that in the sham group, whereas these functions increased in the IR+tDCS group compared with those in the IR group. Ca2+, glutamate, and NMDAR concentrations were higher in the IR group than in the sham group but lower in the IR+tDCS group than in the IR group. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that tDCS treatment improves motor and cognitive dysfunctions after IR and exerts therapeutic effects on learning and memory through the regulation of Ca2+ and glutamate excitotoxicity.