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    Assessments of world and national level wrestling teams at a pre world championship competition: Hydration, body composition and body mass alterations
    (Edizioni Minerva Medica, 2015) Kutlu, Mehmet; Demirkan, Erkan; Özbek, Mehmet Efe
    Aim: This study examined the changes in hydration status, body composition and body mass alterations during the camping period a pre world championship, World (N.=14) and National (N.=38) senior wrestlers (N.=52) preparing for the World Championships. Methods: Urine specific gravity, conductivity and color measurements with, body composition analyses were conducted at the beginning of the camp and the end of the camp. Results: In general, no significant differences were obtained between the world and national wrestlers in body mass and fat percentage (83.3±20-84.9±18 kg; 12±6%-11.2±4%, respectively). However, a significant difference was detected in the changes of body mass between groups (world decreased [800±1 g] - national increased [600±1 g] [P<0.05]). Body fat percentage was also observed to have a similar bias with a decrease and increase, but the changes were not significantly different (P>0.05). No significant differences (P>0.05) were observed between pre- and post-test values of urine specific gravity, conductivity or color for both national team wrestlers. Conclusion: Wrestlers achieved to adjust to weight category in a close of period through competition weigh in. Dehydration training programs should be sustained during the whole camp seasons including the last days before the weighing process for matches.
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    Comparison of physical and physiological profiles in elite and amateur young wrestlers
    (NSCA National Strength and Conditioning Association, 2015) Demirkan, Erkan; Koz, Mitat; Kutlu, Mehmet; Favre, Mike
    The aim of this study is to examine the physical and physiological determinants of wrestling success between elite and amateur male wrestlers. The wrestlers (N = 126) were first assigned to 3 groups based on their competitive level (top elite, elite, and amateur) and then to 6 groups according to their body mass (light, middle, and heavy weight) and their competitive level (elite and amateur). Top elite and elite wrestlers had significantly (p <= 0.05) more training experiences and maximal oxygen uptake compared with the amateur group. In separating weight classes, light- and middle-weight elite (MWE) wrestlers had significantly (p <= 0.05) more training experience (7-20%) compared with the light- and middle-weight amateur (MWA) wrestlers. No significant differences were detected between elite and amateur groups (light-, middle-, and heavy-weight wrestlers) for age, body mass, height, body mass index, and body fat (p > 0.05), with the exception of height for heavy wrestlers. Leg average and peak power values (in watts and watts per kilogram) in MWE were higher than MWA (6.5 and 13%, p <= 0.05). Relative leg average power value in heavy-weight elite (HWE) (in watts per kilogram) was higher than heavy-weight amateur (HWA) (9.6%, p <= 0.05). It was seen that elite wrestlers in MWE and HWE statistically possessed a higher V[Combining Dot Above]O2max (12.5 and 11.4%, respectively) than amateur middle- and heavy-weight wrestlers (p <= 0.05). The results of this study suggest that training experience, aerobic endurance, and anaerobic power and capacity will give a clear advantage for the wrestlers to take part in the elite group.
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    Determination the validity of the new developed Sport Experts® hand grip dynamometer, measuring continuity of force, and comparison with current Takei and Baseline® dynamometers
    (Edizioni Minerva Medica, 2015) Güçlüöver, Aziz; Kutlu, Mehmet; Ciğerci, Ali Erdem; Esen, Hüseyin Tolga; Demirkan, Erkan; Erdoğdu, M.
    Aim. In this study the Sport Experts ™ brand of hand grip dynamometer, measuring the continuity of force with the new developed load cell technology, was compared with Takei and Baseline® dynamometers, the current in use. It was tried to determine the correlation between them. In a study with provides use of clinical, orthopedic and rehabilitative purposes in the athletes and patient populations, this developed dynamometer can provide useful data by observing the continuity of force. Methods. The sample of the study included 60 badminton players in 2010-2011; consisting of Turkish Junior National male players (N.=16, age: 16.8±1.5), Junior National female players (N.=14, age: 16.9±1.6), amateur level male players (N.=15, age: 16.3±0.8) and amateur level female players (N.=15, age: 16.1±0.6). ANOVA was used in the statistical methods in order to compare the hand grip strength made by different brands; Pearson's correlation coeficient was used to determine the relationship level between dynamometers. Furthermore, test-retest reliability analysis was completed the new developed expert dynamometer. Results. There was no statistically signiicant difference in the comparison of the dynamometers (P>0.05). Besides, a highly signiicant relationship (r=0.95 to 0.96) was found among all three dynamometers. However, the reliability coeficient was found (Chronbachs ?: 0.989, ICC:0.97, r=0.97), (P<0.01) for the new developed expert dynamometer. Conclusion. Comparison between the dynamometers and the statistical results obtained from the correlation relationships shows interchangeability of dynamometers. As a result, our observation of force continuity (progression) of the athlete and patient populations is thought to be important.
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    Physical fitness differences between freestyle and Greco-Roman junior wrestlers
    (Polish Academy of Science, Committee of Physical Culture, 2014) Demirkan, Erkan; Kutlu, Mehmet; Koz, Mitat; Özal, Mehmet; Favre, Mike
    The aim of the present study was to examine physical fitness differences between Freestyle and Greco-Roman junior wrestlers. One hundred twenty-six junior wrestlers, comprising 70 Freestyle and 56 Greco-Roman wrestlers, participated in this study. The somatic and physical fitness profile included body mass, body height, body mass index, body composition, flexibility, maximal anaerobic power of the legs and arms, aerobic endurance, hand grip strength, leg and back strength, and speed. No significant differences were found in the anthropometric and physical features between Freestyle and Greco-Roman wrestlers. The Greco-Roman wrestlers had a significantly higher level of relative leg power, peak arm power, relative peak arm power, and relative average arm power than Freestyle wrestlers (p < 0.05). Greco-Roman wrestlers were significantly faster, had better agility, and had a greater level of leg strength than Freestyle wrestlers, but Freestyle wrestlers were more flexible than Greco-Roman wrestlers (p < 0.05). Discriminant function analysis indicated that peak arm power, agility, speed, and flexibility were selective factors for the differences between Freestyle and Greco-Roman wrestlers. In conclusion, the present study indicates that the differences between these wrestling styles promote physical fitness differences in elite wrestlers. The results reflect specific features of each wrestling style. © 2014 Editorial Committee of Journal of Human Kinetics.
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    The comparison of some physical and physiological features of elite youth national and amateur badminton players
    (Niğde Üniversitesi, 2012) Güçlüöver, Aziz; Demirkan, Erkan; Kutlu, Mehmet; Ciğerci, Ali Erdem; Esen, Hüseyin Tolga
    The aim of this study was to compare some physical and physiological features of elite and amateur badminton players. The sample of the study were totally 31 Turkish badminton players in 2010-2011 season; consisting of Youth National male players (n=16, age: 16.8±1.5) and amateur level male players (n=15, age: 16.3±0.8) from Sport High School. After the body composition of players were determined, agility test, sit and reach test, multiple reaction test, hand grip strength test and wingate anaerobic power test were applied to them. “Independent T-test” was applied for comparisons among independent groups. After statistical analyses, it was determined that elite players had higher values in height (cm), agility (second), right hand grip strength (kg) (p<0.01), body fat percentage and fat free mass (kg) (p<0.05) than amateur players. As a result, it was seen that the elite and amateur level badminton affected the height, agility, hand grip strength and body composition (lower body fat percentage and higher fat free mass) of players positively.
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    The investigation of relationship between the body composition and arms-legs anaerobic performance in adolescent elite wrestlers
    (2013) Demirkan, Erkan; Koz, Mitat; Kutlu, Mehmet; Özal, Mehmet; Güçlüöver, Aziz; Favre, Michael
    Aim: Wrestling is a complex sports branch, which is dominantly anaerobic and necessitates maximal power, strength for explosive attacks during the competition. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the changes of body composition and anaerobic performance values according to weight categories of cadet wrestlers. Methods: One hundred twenty six elite wrestlers (age 15-17 years) participated to the study. The wrestlers were compared according to these weight categories (light, medium and heavier). The body composition was determined by using skinfold. The arms and legs anaerobic performance were determined by Wingate test. Results: There was no significant difference in relative leg peak power between light and heavier wrestlers, and between the medium and heavier wrestlers. There was no statistical significant difference in relative leg average power between the light and heavier wrestlers. There was no statistical significant difference in relative arm peak power between light and heavier wrestlers, and between the medium and heavier wrestlers. There was no significant difference in relative arm average power between the medium and heavier wrestlers. Conclusion: These results demonstrated that no differences anaerobic parameters between light and heavier wrestlers and significantly association between anaerobic parameters and %FFM. The coaches should take into account FFM rather than %FM especially for heavier wrestlers to obtain higher anaerobic performance.