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    Yeşil Mutabakatının finans sektörüne etkileri– Almanya ve Türkiye karşılaştırması
    (Hitit Üniversitesi, 2025) Mumcu, Ayla; Konak, Fatih
    Climate change has become a multidimensional crisis that, beyond its environmental impacts, leads to global-scale transformations in economic, social, and political spheres. This crisis, caused by increasing greenhouse gas emissions, has led to the development of international agreements aimed at combating it—most notably the 2015 Paris Agreement and the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), which impose various obligations on signatory countries to reduce emissions and adapt to climate change. The European Union has initiated a comprehensive transformation process aiming for climate neutrality through the European Green Deal. This process is not limited to environmental policies but also entails a broad structural reform encompassing industrial production, energy transition, investment strategies, and financial systems. This thesis aims to examine the impacts of the Green Deal on the financial sector through a comparative perspective focusing on the cases of Germany and Turkey. Germany has played a pioneering role within the European Union in shaping climate policies and succeeded in reducing its greenhouse gas emissions by 41.3% during the 1990–2020 period. The foundations of this success lie in investments in renewable energy, environmentally friendly industrial policies, and sustainable transportation strategies. In addition, under the leadership of the Federal Financial Supervisory Authority (BaFin), the integration of climate risks into financial systems has been achieved; the transition to a low-carbon economy has been supported through instruments such as green bonds, sustainable investment funds, and fintech-based applications. Turkey, on the other hand, joined the international climate regime at a later stage; nevertheless, it has entered a significant trajectory with its net-zero emission target for 2053 and a 41% reduction commitment. However, the green finance field is still in its developmental stage. Although progress has been made through investments in renewable energy and the adoption of sustainability principles by a limited number of financial institutions, structural challenges persist in areas such as the standardized labeling of green financial products, the integration of climate risks into audit processes, and alignment with the EU taxonomy. In this study, the climate policies, green finance strategies, regulatory frameworks, and transformation processes of the financial sectors in Germany and Turkey are examined in detail. Within the scope of the Green Deal, the strengths, structural barriers, and future opportunities of both countries are analyzed. As a result, it is revealed that the role of the financial sector in achieving sustainable development goals is directly related to the policies developed at the national level. Germany's institutionalized structure and regulatory depth offer a guiding model for Turkey, while Turkey's young and high-potential green finance ecosystem has the capacity to gain significant momentum through strategic regulations.