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The surveillance and assessment of acute injuries in different age categories in national wrestling championships
(Elsevier, 2024) Can, Sema; Demirkan, Erkan; Arıcı, Mustafa; Tosun, Mehmet İsmail; Cicioğlu, Halil İbrahim
Purpose: The purpose of this study is to surveil the injuries in wrestling according to the different age categories and wrestling styles throughout the competition season. Methods: The study was designed as a descriptive study. The study was conducted during the wrestling competition season in 2023 (from January 2023 to July 2023), which includes 5 different age categories: U-15, U-17, U-20, U-23, and seniors, along with the Turkey National Wrestling Championships. The data of injuries was recorded immediately after the acute injury was treated by the medical expert during the competitions and evaluated according to the parameters that were obtained. In the statistical analysis, the frequency and percentage values were presented as descriptive statistics and the Chi-square test was used. Results: The study incorporated a total of 6214 wrestlers and a total of 7151 wrestling bouts were performed during these competitions. The analyses indicated that the rate of injury incidence was 42.65‰ in all wrestling styles. When taking account of the injured body parts in all wrestlers’ exposures, the occurrence of injuries to the head-face, neck, trunk, upper extremity, and lower extremity, rates of 17.6‰, 1.3‰, 3.6‰, 13.5‰, and 6.6‰, respectively, were observed. According to the pre-diagnosis based on freestyle, Greco-Roman, and female wrestling styles, injuries with bleeding (39.6%, 46.3%, and 14.6%, respectively) and muscle strain (37.9%, 28.7 %, and 52.6%, respectively) most often occurred. Conclusion: The study findings indicate that most cases of injury appeared to occur in bleeding and muscle strain in all wrestling styles. We suggest that medical experts should set up their health equipment with consideration to the injuries that occur most frequently.
Psychological Needs in Sports, Spirituality Index of Well-Being, and Motivation in Sports
(MDPI, 2024) Eryücel, Mehmet Emre; Ceyhun, Serdar; Eryücel, Sema; Şahan, Hasan; Turna, Bülent; Yıldırım, Sibel; Erdoğan, İbrahim Halil
Abstract: The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between the psychological needs of athletes who attend gyms, the spirituality index of well-being, and motivation in sports, and to determine the mediating role of the spirituality index of well-being between psychological needs in sports and motivation in sports. Although sports spirituality is rapidly developing in the international literature, sports and spirituality have not been studied together in the national literature before. Therefore, this study holds the distinction of being one of the pioneering research efforts on the subject of spirituality in athletes in Türkiye. In this context, the data of 422 athletes, 176 women and 246 men, who have been attending gym facilities in Antalya for at least one year, were included in the research. Participants were administered a personal information form, Psychological Need States. It was found that the spirituality index of well-being is positively related to all satisfaction subscales and negatively related to all frustration subscales of psychological needs and that the life scheme is related to many subscales of sport motivation. Furthermore, it was also found that the spirituality index of well-being is a mediating variable between psychological needs in sports and motivation in sports. The data draw attention to the importance of sports spirituality. It is recommended to integrate spirituality into healthcare for athletes.
Teachers' digital competences: a scale construction and validation study
(FRONTIERS MEDIA SA, 2024) Aydın, Mehmet Kemal; Yıldırım, Turgut; Kuş, Metin
Introduction: Improving teachers’ digital competences is sine qua non for eective teaching and learning in today’s digital society. However, there is a limited number of comprehensive and reliable scales to measure teachers’ digital competences. Regarding this, the present study aimed to develop and validate a comprehensive scale to assess teachers’ digital competences. Methods: Building on previous studies, a draft scale developed and piloted with a sample of teachers from all educational levels. The procedures of Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) were followed to refine the scale, resulting in a fivepoint Likert scale with 36 items loaded onto four factors. The final scale was called as Teachers’ Digital Competences Scale (TDC-S). Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was employed to validate the four-factor structure. Reliability analysis was performed using Cronbach’s alpha (?), McDonald’s omega (?), and Composite Reliability (CR), indicating high psychometric properties. Convergent and discriminant validity analyses were also performed to assess the validity of the latent structures in TDC-S. Results and discussion: The findings suggest that the TDC-S is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing teachers’ digital competences at all grade levels from primary to high schools. It can be used to inform teacher training and development programs, and to identify teacher candidates who need additional assistance regarding improving their digital competences
HOW EFFECTIVE ARE PARENTS' PROFESSIONAL GOALS ON INDIVIDUALS?
(OZSUM ACADEMIC PUBLISHING, 2023) Tosun, Mehmet İsmail; Arıcı, Mustafa; Kaplan, Abdurrahim; Deryahanoğlu, Gamze
Aim: The purpose of this study is to determine if the role of parents has an impact on the preferences of individuals who prefer sports science faculties. Method: 465 (124 female, 341 male) student candidates who took the Hitit University Faculty of Sports Sciences Special Talent Exam in 2022 participated in the study. The student candidates who will participate in the study answered the questionnaire after completing the voluntary consent form. The Individual-Parent Career Inconsistency Scale and a questionnaire with demographic information were applied to the participants. The SPSS 22 program was used for statistical analysis of the data obtained from our study. The normal distribution of the obtained data was tested using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and it was found that they did not have a normal distribution. Descriptive analyzes were performed for the demographic characteristics of the participants. The chisquare test was used to test the significant relationship between the demographic variables, the Mann-Whitney U test was used for survey questions with two different variables, and the Kruskal-Wallis test was used for survey questions with more than two variables. Findings: There was no significant difference in the statistical values of the responses given by the participants on the scale for the inconsistency of the parents' individual careers (p > 0.05) in terms of gender, whether there is an athlete in the family, playing active sports, being placed by an exam, and taking a special talent exam at another university (p > 0.05). However, there seems to be a significant difference in the situation of the participants who took a special talent exam at another university, in their preference for sports science, and in their plans for after graduation. (p > 0.05). Conclusion: From the findings we have obtained from the study, it can be concluded that the role of parents is not crucial in the career preferences of individuals who prefer sports science faculties for their educational life. This is because the decline in employment of sport science graduates in recent years, the perception that sport science graduates can only become physical education teachers, and parents' lack of knowledge about other career options are considered to be effective.
Does Tennis Training Improve Attention? New Approach
(MDPI, 2023) Ünver, Şaban; İslamoğlu, İzzet; Atan, Tülin; Yılmaz, Metin; Arslan, Hayati; Kaplan, Abdurrahim; Şimşek, Emre
This study aimed to examine the effect of a tennis training program on improving attention. Methods: A total of 40 tennis players from a Tennis Club, 20 in the experimental group (EG) and 20 in the control group (CG), participated in the study. The EG athletes received 40 serve balls from the trainer twice a week for nine weeks. The researcher applied the “d2 attention test” to the EG and CG before and after the nine-week period. Results: After comparing the pretest and posttest attention averages of the experimental group, there was a significant difference in the TN, TN-E, and CP mean scores (p < 0.001). In the comparison of the pretest and posttest attention averages of the CG, there was no significant difference in the TN, TN-E, and CP mean scores (p > 0.05). The comparison of the pretest attention averages of the EG and CG revealed no significant difference in the TN, TN-E, and CP mean scores (p > 0.05). The comparison of the posttest attention averages of the EG and CG revealed a significant difference in the mean scores of TN, TN-E, and CP (p < 0.05). There was a statistically significant difference between the posttest–pretest differences in the TN, TN-E, and CP values of the EG and CG (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The study concluded that tennis training aimed at developing attention improved the results in the attention test.
Age-related physical and performance changes in young swimmers: The comparison of predictive models in 50-meter swimming performance
(GDANSK UNIV PHYSICAL EDUCATION & SPORT, 2023) Demirkan, Erkan; Özkadı, Tuğrul; Alagöz, İsmet; Çağlar, Esin Çağla; Çamiçi, Furkan
Abstract: Introduction: The purpose of the study was to investigate the age-related anthropometric and motor performance changes over time and their contributions to swimming style-specific performance in young different chronological age swimmers. Material and Methods: The study was conducted on a total of forty swimmers who were divided into 2 groups. The Anthropometric meas-urements were executed from 12 body parts, and body composition analysis was determined by using the skinfold method. The motor performance tests were performed for the assessment of standing horizontal jump, handgrip strength, flexed-arm hang strength, sit-up, flexibility, aerobic endurance, speed, agility, and balance. Simple Linear Regression analysis was performed to build the models for each of the swimming styles. Results: All the models indicated that aerobic endur-ance was a significantly predictive variable on all swimming styles (p < 0.001). The results indicated that the anthropometric and motor performance predictors changed depending upon the age pro-gression in each swimming style (p < 0.001). Conclusions: The effect of many variables on swimming performance is seen to be more evident in the following periods based on the increase of age. Aerobic endurance is a common variable that shows effectiveness on swimming performance for both all age groups and swimming styles.
How does artistic gymnastics and trampoline gymnastics training affect dynamic balance, abdominal strength, jump performance, and flexibility in adult females?
(Palacky University Olomouc, 2023) Aydın, Erbil Murat; Gündoğan, Burak; Demirkan, Erkan
Background: Artistic gymnastics and trampoline gymnastics are an enormously popular group of sports that develops many biomotor skills, however, their effect on various aspects of fitness is not sufficiently observed. Objective: The study aimed to determine the effects of artistic gymnastics and trampoline gymnastics training on body composition, balance, jump performance, abdominal strength, and flexibility in adult females. Methods: Fifty-one adult female non-gymnasts (age 19.59?±?1.58 years, height 160.69?±?4.74 cm) were randomly assigned to three groups: the artistic gymnastics group (n?=?19), the mini-trampoline gymnastics group (n?=?16), and the control group (n?=?16). The training groups performed either artistic gymnastics or mini-trampoline training twice a week for 12 weeks. The control group only did warm-up exercises twice a week during the study. The measurements to determine the effects of different gymnastics training on body composition, dynamic balance, jump performance, abdominal strength, and flexibility were performed before and after the exercise programs. The pre-test and post-test of the variables of groups were compared using paired sample t-test. A one-way analysis of variance was used for between-group comparisons. Results: Both artistic gymnastics and trampoline gymnastics trainings significantly improved the dynamic balance, vertical and standing long jump, abdominal strength, and flexibility compared to the control group (p?
Do the body weight perception and body mass index affect the participation of exercise?
(SCIENDO, 2022) Can, Sema; Demirkan, Erkan; Çeviker, Abdulkerim
Study aim: In this study, it is aimed to find out the exercise preferences based on the Body Mass Index (BMI) and Body Weight Perception (BWP), and to determine the consistency between BMI and BWP calculated via the self-reporting method. Material and methods: The study was conducted total of 297 volunteers, included 174 females (Mage = 27.19 ± 9.94 years) and 123 males (Mage = 26.08 ± 10.15 years), who were members of the physical activity center. The height and body weight values were obtained based on the self-reports. BWP was assessed by asking “how do you describe your weight?” As a statistical analysis, the Pearson chi-square test and Kappa statistics were used. Results: It was determined that overweight/obese female prefered most the strength exercises, whereas, overweight/obese men, according to both methods, preferred the different kind of exercises (p < 0.05). When the mutual consistency of the BWP and BMI methods was compared, “average” level conformity was found in female, and “weak” level conformity was found in male (Female: ? = 0.48; p < 0.000; Male: ? = 0.21; p < 0.001). Conclusion: It could be said that the type and application protocol of the exercise has been related with the frequency and duration of the exercise for both of the methods. Besides, it could be said that there was a higher consistency among female participants at the level of participating to the exercise and they had similar exercise preference, frequency and duration
The effect of level of doing sports activities and attitude towards recreational activities on burnout level and COVID-19 phobia in physicians
(DISCOVERY PUBLICATION, 2022) Yıldırım, Sibel; Kiraz, Seda
It has been recommended to implement physically active lifestyles against the negative consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic. During the pandemic process, many healthcare professionals had to lead a stressful life due to long hours of intensive healthcare. This situation directly affected the burnout levels of physicians as well as indirectly affected patients seeking treatment. The goal of this study was to look into the effects of physicians' levels of participation in sports, their attitudes toward sporting recreational activities, and the effects of COVID-19 phobias on burnout. 272 physicians participated in the study. The Health Belief Scale Regarding Sports Recreational Activities (HBSSRA), Maslach Burnout Scale (MBI), and COVID-19 Phobia Scale (C19P-S) were used during data collection. Spearman correlation coefficient was used for correlation analysis, Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare groups, and logistic regression analysis was used to establish a model. MBI total and emotional exhaustion scores were significantly different according to the physicians' participation levels in sportive activities (P=0.740, P=0.136). Statistically significant correlation was found between HBSSRA and MBI total scores (r=-0.313, P=0.009). The probability of emotional exhaustion was 1.45 times higher in physicians with low level of participation in sports activities. The increase in HBSSRA scores had a protective effect on emotional burnout (P=0.028, OR: 0.72). We are hopeful that the findings obtained from physicians will highlight the importance of sports and recreational activities, paving the way for improvement strategies that will benefit those who are most affected by the COVID-19 crisis.
The Accuracy of Body Mass Index Estimated from SelfReported Height and Weight in Turkish Adults
(GALENOS PUBL HOUSE, 2022) Kamuk, Yetkin Utku
BACKGROUND/AIMS: This study aimed to identify the level of agreement between self-reported and objectively measured data among healthy Turkish adults in order to assess the validity of self-reported data. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Self-reported data along with independent measurements were obtained from 958 men and 502 women, aged between 18-53 years. The subjects were classified according to their body mass index (BMI) scores and margins of error in self-reported anthropometric data were calculated. The misclassification status according to BMI deriving from self-reported data was determined. Intraclass correlation coefficients were calculated at 95% confidence interval. Independent sample t-test and One-Way ANOVA were used for comparisons. Bland-Altman graph, specificity and sensitivity, Cohen’s kappa and receiver operating characteristic curve inspections were carried out. RESULTS: The results indicate that both men and women underestimated their weight and overestimated their height. The margin of error in estimating height for the men was found to be significantly larger than for women. In contrast, women tended to underestimate their weight more than men. The subjects’ self-reported and measured anthropometric data were significantly different (p<0.01) in both sexes. Specificity scores were found to be high but sensitivity scores were low. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that the subjects’ margins of error were large and that BMI assessment through self-reported data can lead to erroneous estimates when used to assess obesity in Turkish adults and BMI should not be relied on unless the scores are obtained by objective anthropometric measurements.
Hemşirelerin Fiziksel Aktivite Düzeyleri ile Yaşam Kalitesi ve Tükenmişlik Düzeyleri Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi
(2021) Aydın, Yasemen; Kamuk, Yetkin Utku
Bu çalışmanın amacı, hemşirelerin fiziksel aktivite düzeyleri ile yaşam kalitesi ve tükenmişlik düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesidir. Çalışmaya, Hitit Üniversitesi Erol Olçok Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi’nde görev yapan 212 hemşire katılmış ve katılımcıların tamamına Fiziksel Aktivite Ölçeği, SF-36 Yaşam Kalitesi Ölçeği ve Maslach Tükenmişlik Envanteri uygulanmıştır. Shapiro-Wilk testi sonuçlarına göre, verilerin normal dağılıma uygun olmadığı görüldüğünden (p<0,05), ikili gruplar karşılaştırmaları için Mann-Whitney U, çoklu grup karşılaştırmaları için Kruskal-Wallis H testleri kullanılmıştır. Değişkenler arasındaki ilişkiler ise Spearman sıra sayılar korelasyon katsayısı kullanılarak incelenmiştir. Anlamlılık düzeyi tüm testlerde p<0,05 olarak belirlenmiştir. İstatistiksel analizler sonucunda, erkek ve kadın hemşireler arasında yaşam kalitesinin alt boyutları olan fiziksel fonksiyon, emosyonel rol güçlüğü, enerji/canlılık/vitalite, sosyal işlevsellik, ağrı, genel sağlık algısı ve ruhsal sağlık alt boyutlarında erkekler lehine istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark olduğu bulunmuştur. Tükenmişlik düzeyine ait alt boyutlardan kişisel başarı eksikliği puanlarına göre, kıdem süresi düşük olanların ve evlilerin kendilerini başarısız gördüklerini ortaya koymuştur. Obezite düzeyinin, fiziksel fonksiyon ve emosyonel rol güçlüğü alt boyutlarında bozucu etkiye sahip olduğu ortaya konmuştur. Görev yerine göre değerlendirildiğinde, yatan hasta servislerinde çalışanlar en düşük SF-36 puanlarına sahiptirler. Hemşirelerin fiziksel aktivite düzeyleri ile yalnızca yaşam kalitesi alt boyutu olan fiziksel fonksiyon alt boyutu arasında düşük düzeyde pozitif korelasyon olduğu, yaşam kalitesine ait diğer alt boyutlar ile fiziksel aktivite arasında anlamlı bir ilişkinin bulunmadığı görülmüştür. Ayrıca fiziksel aktivite ile tükenmişlik düzeyleri arasında herhangi bir ilişki saptanmamıştır. Sonuç olarak, hemşirelerin yaşam kalitesi düzeylerinin düşük olduğu, tükenmişlik düzeylerinin yüksek ve fiziksel aktivite düzeylerinin yetersiz olduğu bulunmuştur.
Spor Bilimleri Alanında Yayınlanan Makalelerde Kullanılan İstatistiksel Yöntemlerin İncelenmesi
(2020) Kamuk, Yetkin Utku
Her alanda olduğu gibi, Spor Bilimleri alanında da birçok bilimsel çalışma yapılmakta ve yayınlanmaktadır. Bilimsel çalışmanın amacı, doğru yöntemler kullanılarak üretilen bilgilerin okuyucular ile paylaşılması ve bilgi dağarcığının gelişmesine katkıda bulunmaktır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Spor Bilimleri alanında yazılmış olan makalelerde kullanılan istatistiksel yöntemlerin incelenmesidir. Bu amaçla Dergi Park üzerinde yer alan makalelerden, önceden belirlenmiş olan kriterlere göre seçilmiş olan 221 makale incelenmiştir. Makalelerin seçiminde, yazarın uzmanlık alanı baz alınmış ve “fiziksel aktivite”, “fiziksel uygunluk”, “egzersiz”, “vücut kompozisyonu” ve “antrenman” anahtar kelimelerinden en az bir tanesini içeren makaleler incelenmiştir. Ayrıca arama terimlerine “–ölçek” ifadesi eklenerek, başlığında ölçek ifadesi bulunan makalelerin liste dışı bırakılması sağlanmıştır. Kriterlere uygun olan makalelerin istatistiksel analizlerin gerçekleştirilmesinde frekans, yüzdelik ve olumsallık tabloları kullanılmıştır. İnceleme sonuçlarına göre, en sık kullanılan istatistiksel yöntemlerin bağımsız örneklem t testi ve Mann-Whitney U testleri olduğu; parametrik ve parametrik olmayan testlerin seçimi için yapılması gereken normallik varsayımı testlerinin sıklıkla ihmal edildiği, bazı çalışmalarda ise uygun olmayan istatistiksel yöntemlerin kullanıldığı görülmüştür. Bilimsel çalışma sonuçlarının kanıta dayalı olmasının gerekliliği nedeniyle, yöntem kısmında belirtilmiş olan istatistiksel analizlerin sonuçlarına göre yapılacak olan çıkarımların güvenilir olabilmesi için, spor bilimleri alanında yayınlanan makalelerde istatistiksel analizlerin daha dikkatli bir şekilde uygulanması gerektiği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Self-Handicapping and Self-esteem Levels of Turkish Category I Wrestling Referees
(2020) Kamuk, Yetkin Utku
Objective: Self-esteem and self-handicapping were considered as some of the components that affect success. This paper aimed to investigate self-esteem and self-handicapping levels of active Category I (top-level) wrestling referees in Turkey. Material and Methods: A personal information questionnaire, Rosenberg’s (1965) self-esteem scale which was adapted into Turkish by Cuhadaroglu (Öner, 2012) and Rhodewalt’s (1990) self-handicapping scale which was adapted into Turkish by Akin (2012) were used to collect data. There were 22 Category I wrestling referees in Turkey when the study was conducted and each of them participated voluntarily. Differences between groups were analysed by using Mann-Whitney U and differences among multiple groups were analysed by Kruskal-Wallis H test. The level of agreement between two referee observers’ scores was tested by using the intraclass correlation coefficient and Cohen’s kappa. Results: It was found that the subjects had a relatively high level of self-esteem (mean=34.27) and a relatively low level of selfhandicapping score (mean=44.50). It was also found that self-esteem and self-handicapping scores of the subjects did not show any statistically significant difference by the level of income or level of education (p>.05). It was found that the level of experience caused self-handicapping scores to decrease as the level of experience increased but the difference was not enough to be statistically significant (p=0.28). Conclusion: It was concluded that Turkish Category I wrestling referees were selected in a proper way so that they have a good level of self esteem (34.27±3.94) and low level of self-handicapping (44.50±10.60).
Dalga Sörfü Hakemlerinin Kendini Sabotaj Düzeyleri
(2019) Kamuk, Yetkin Utku; Şensoy, Ercüment
Kendini sabotaj kavramı, kişinin olası bir başarısızlıktan kendisini korumak üzere önceden planladığı ve başarısızlığına gerekçe olarak gösterebileceği nedenleri bilinçli olarak yaratması stratejisidir. Bu strateji, başarısızlık korkusu olan kişiler arasında yaygındır. Hakemler, kararları seyirciler tarafından daima sorgulanan ve eleştirilen meslek grubudur ve bu durum hakemlerin omuzlarındaki sorumluluk yükünü ağırlaştırmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye Gelişmekte Olan Spor Branşları Federasyonu bünyesinde dalga sörfü branşında görev yapan hakemlerin kendini sabotaj düzeylerinin belirlenmesidir. Bununla birlikte, katılımcıların kendini sabotaj düzeylerinin cinsiyet, eğitim, aylık gelir ve yabancı dil bilgisi düzeylerine göre farklılık gösterip göstermediği de incelenmiştir. Çalışmaya, dalga sörfü branşında görev yapmakta olan tüm hakemler (N=25) katılmışlardır. Verilerin toplanması amacıyla, Jones ve Rhodewalt’ın geliştirdiği ve Türkçe uyarlaması Akın (2012) tarafından yapılan Kendini Sabotaj Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Verilerin normallik varsayımını karşılamıyor olması (N<30) nedeniyle, istatistiksel analizler için parametrik olmayan testler kullanılmıştır. Deneklerden toplanan verilerin analizi için Mann-Whitney U ve Kruskal-Wallis H testleri kullanılmış ve anlamlılık düzeyi p<0,05 olarak seçilmiştir. İstatistiksel analizler sonucunda, deneklerin kategorik özelliklerine göre kendini sabotaj puanları arasında anlamlı bir fark olmadığı (p>0,05) ancak, dalga sörfü hakemlerinin kendini sabotaj puanlarının literatürde belirtilen puandan düşük olduğu (medyan=38) tespit edilmiştir. Literatürdeki diğer çalışmalarla karşılaştırıldığında, dalga sörfü hakemlerinin düşük kendini sabotaj puanlarına sahip olmalarının nedeninin, dalga sörfü branşının gelişmekte olan bir spor branşı olması nedeniyle, izleyici kitlesinin futbol ve basketbol gibi branşlarla karşılaştırıldığında görece küçük olmasına bağlı olduğu değerlendirilmektedir
The Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity among Students between the Ages of 6 and 15 years in Konya
(2020) Arıkan, Şükran; Kamuk, Yetkin Utku; Revan, Serkan
BACKGROUND/AIMS This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity among primary school students. MATERIAL and METHODS A total of 10781 students (5622 boys, 5159 girls) aged 6–15 years participated in the study. Descriptive statistics of the data were expressed as mean, standard deviation, maximum, minimum, and range values. The Kolmogorov–Smirnov test was applied and Q-Q plot analysis was performed visually to determine if the data was normally distributed. Since the data were not normally distributed, the LMS (Lambda for the skew, Mu for the median, and Sigma for the generalized coefficient of variation) method was used to calculate the percentiles. RESULTS The prevalence of overweight was 7.4% in both sexes, while the prevalence of obesity was 5.8% for boys and 5.3% for girls. The age group with the highest prevalence of overweight was 13 years (9.6%) in boys and 15 years (13.5%) in girls, while that with the highest prevalence of obesity was found to be 8 and 10 years (6.6%) in boys and 8 years (6.5%) in girls. CONCLUSION It is remarkable that obesity is high in both sexes, especially in young children. Preventive interventions to stop this trend are recommended to focus on the early stages of childhood.
Validation of the ActiGraph wGT3X-BT Accelerometer for Step Counts at Five Different Body Locations in Laboratory Settings
(Routledge Journals, Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2021) Karaca, Ayda; Demirci, Necip; Yılmaz, Vedat; Hazır Aytar, Sinem; Can, Sema; Ünver, Evrim
This study aimed to determine the validity of the ActiGraph wGT3X-BT for step counts (SC) at five different body locations in laboratory settings. A total of 29 male adults participated in this study. The participants walked or ran for different speeds on the treadmill while wearing ActiGraph wGT3X-BT on their right wrist (RW), left wrist (LW), waist, right ankle (RA), and right upper arm (RUA). Both the video camera and each ActiGraph recorded SC simultaneously. The waist, RUA (6, 8, 10 km/hr and total), and RA (4 and 6 km/hr) showed small Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) values (<5%) and good agreement with Bland-Altman plots. However, the waist (2 and 4 km/hr), RUA (2 and 4 km/hr), RA (2, 8, 10 km/hr and total), RW, and LW showed high MAPE. In conclusion, the waist and RUA are valid for the total SC during walking and running in the laboratory setting.
Dominant and non-dominant arm bone mineral density of racquet athletes
(Imr Press, 2021) Ünver, Şaban; Atan, TÜlin; Canbaz Tosun, Fevziye; İslamoğlu, İzzet; Kaplan, Abdurrahim
Background and Purpose: The upper extremities, especially the arms and shoulders, are used intensively in racquet sports. In this work, our primary aim is to compare bone mineral densities (BMDs) between dominant and non-dominant arms in racquet athletes. We then compare BMDs between athletes playing racquet sports and non-athletes. Methods: A total of 24 racquet sports male athletes active for at least 10 years (age, 22.46 +/- 2.41 years) and 22 non-athletes (age, 21.45 +/- 1.74 years) voluntarily participated in this study. The BMDs of the humerus, radius, and ulna of the dominant and non-dominant arms of both groups were measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Results: The BMDs of the proximal humerus and humeral shaft of dominant arms were significantly higher than those of non-dominant arms in athletes (19.85% vs. 12.02%); while statistically, no statistically significant difference in BMDs was found in nonathletes (P > 0.05). The BMDs of the dominant proximal humerus and humeral shaft of athletes were higher than those of non-athletes (P < 0.05). Non-dominant arm BMDs did not differ between the two groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion: BMD differences observed between the right and left arms of athletes indicate that, rather than confounding factors like genotype, right-/left-handedness, participation in racquet sports may influence BMDs in the related extremities.
Declared and real physical activity in obese individuals as assessed by the questionnaire and accelerometer
(Edizioni Minerva Medica, 2020) Gökçe, İsmail; Can, Sema; Demirkan, Erkan; Küçükler, Ferit Kerim; Turgal, Ebru
BACKGROUND: Due to the lack of precise research data related to the evaluation of the physical activity level (PAL) among obese individuals, the aims of the study were to evaluate declared and real volume of physical activity, and to assess the correlations between these methods. METHODS: The study consisted of 30 female (M-age =32.9 +/- 7.3 years) and 16 male (M-age=36.4 +/- 8.4 years) a total of 46 obese volunteer individuals were included (M-bmi:37.6 +/- 6.6 kg/m(2), M-bmi: 34.2 +/- 43 kg/m(2); body fat percentage: 42.1% and 35.2%, respectively). A cross-sectional study was conducted on the obese people. The inionnation form was prepared for obese individuals who applied the Health Institutions and body composition measurements were performed with Tanita BC-1000. PAL was assessed objectively by a Sense Wear Armband (SWA) for 7 consecutive days- and seven day later the participants fill out the International Physical Activity Questionnaire - Short Form (IPAQ-SF). For statistical analysis, the data were presented as mean values, Standard deviations (SD), frequency (f), and percentage (%). Spearman's Rho Correlation were used, and the significant level was P<0.05. RESULTS: According to IPAQ and SWA, 69.6% (10.9% plus 58.7%) of the participants (N.=32) estimated activity levels as correct. The PAL of 30.4% (N.=14) of the participants does not seem to be consistent. According to the IPAQ and SWA, the rates of moderate-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) were 80.4%, 67.4% respectively. Weak correlation was found-between IPAQ-MET and SWA-step/day and SWA-MET respectively (r((s))=0.381; 0.410 (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Physical activity level being assessed by a subjective method was different from the objective method in obese individuals. In addition to this, sample groups and limitations should be taken into consideration when determining suitable methods.
Investigating the effects of wrestling gear in flatfoot deformity of wrestlers
(Iermakov S S, 2020) Acak, Mahmut; Korkmaz, Mehmet F.; Taşkıran, Celal; Demirkan, Erkan
Purpose: In this study, our aim was to determine the effects of wrestling shoes, wrestling mats and wrestling styles on postural deformation of the foot and to elaborate its possible causes. Material: Study group comprised of 158 athletes (109 males, 59 females) from 26 different countries who participated in the 12th World University Wrestling Championship. Of the athletes, 102 (59 females, 43 males) performed in freestyle and 56 performed in Greco-Roman style. The age range of the athletes was 19 to 31 years and they have done wrestling for 3 to 18 years. Were evaluated to determine the relationship between flatfoot deformity and gender, age, wrestling style and years in the sport. Footprint parameters were used to determine and evaluate the overall structure of the foot. The Staheli and the Chippaux-Smirak indexes were used in the study. Statistical analyses were performed using the SPSS v.21.0 software, with the significance level set at alpha=0.05. Results: No significant relationship was found either between the gender of the wrestlers or their age and their pes planus state. A significant relationship was detected between the wrestling style performed and the wrestlers' pes planus state, and between the years in the sport and their pes planus state. Conclusions: The fact that wrestlers wear the wrestling shoes for a long time can be a cause of pes planus. The center of mass of freestyle wrestlers shifts during continuous feet movement, and the surface of their soles extends the contact surface on the mat to maintain balance. This situation can also lead to a higher prevalence of pes planus in wrestlers. In addition, the wrestling shoes wrap around the Achilles tendon and thus the stretching of this tendon is restricted. Such restriction strengthens the opinion that freestyle wrestlers experience pes planus more.
The effects of different gymnastics trainings on body composition and some performance components in adult male non-gymnasts
(Univ Ljubljana, Fac Sport, 2020) Gündoğan, Burak; Demirkan, Erkan; Aydın, Erbil Murat; Turgut, Abdusselam
The aim of this study was to compare the effects of artistic and trampoline gymnastics training on body composition and some of the physical fitness components in adult non-gymnasts. Forty-eight adult non-gymnasts were randomly assigned to three groups: a trampoline gymnastics group (TG) (n = 16), an artistic gymnastics group (AG) (n = 16), and a control group (CG) (n = 16). Two of the group except the CG performed different gymnastics training, including artistic and trampoline gymnastics twice a week during 12 weeks. The control group performed only a warm-up exercise twice a week along the study. To determine the effects of each gymnastics training on body composition, Y dynamic balance test that including six postural tasks, vertical jump, standing long jump and two different flexibility tests, were performed before and after the study for all groups. The AG and TG were significantly (p<0,05) improved when it comes to all bio-motor abilities in adult non-gymnasts after 12 weeks of training. But the trampoline gymnastics exercises may be seen to be more efficient compared to the artistic gymnastics exercises. The trampoline exercises may be recommended as an alternative mode of exercise for improving bio-motor abilities.

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