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Öğe Fabrication, characterization, and chemical etching of Ag nanoelectrodes(2013) Noel, Jean-Marc; Velmurugan, Jeyavel; Gökmeşe, Ebru; Mirkin, Michael V.The previously developed methodologies for fabricating flat, polished nanoelectrodes were extended to produce silver electrodes with the radii from 50 nm to micrometers. The prepared electrodes were characterized by steady-state voltammetry, scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM), and atomic force microscopy. The protocol was developed for controlled chemical etching of silver in ammonia solutions to produce recessed nanoelectrodes. Voltammograms and SECM approach curves were obtained to evaluate the recess depth and other geometric parameters of the etched electrodes. © 2012 Springer-Verlag.Öğe Platinized carbon nanoelectrodes as potentiometric and amperometric SECM probes(2013) Hu, Keke; Gao, Yang; Wang, Yixian; Yu, Yun; Zhao, Xin; Rotenberg, Susan A.; Gökmeşe, Ebru; Mirkin, Michael V.; Friedman, Gary; Gogotsi, YuryMicrometer-sized platinized carbon electrodes have previously been used for the detection of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS) in biological systems. Here, we report the preparation and characterization of quartz-sealed platinized carbon nanoelectrodes. Such electrodes can be employed as tips in the scanning electrochemical microscope (SECM). The prepared electrodes were characterized by steady-state voltammetry, scanning electron microscopy, and SECM. In addition to ROS/RNS detection, the high surface area of a platinized nanoelectrode makes it a useful potentiometric probe. Unlike previously fabricated platinized electrodes, carbon electrodes possess a very thin insulating sheath, which is essential for experiments inside biological cells and high-resolution SECM imaging. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2013.