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Is using inhaled corticosteroid effective against COVID-19 pneumonia severity and mortality?
(TURKISH ASSOC TUBERCULOSIS & THORAX, 2024) Kılıç, Hatice; Argüder, Emine; Civak, Musa; Demir, Emre
Introduction: It is known that the use of inhaled corticosteroids increases the incidence of pneumonia in patients followed up with the diagnosis of chronic asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This study aimed to investigate the contribution of inhaled steroid use to pneumonia severity and mortality in cases with COVID-19 pneumonia. Materials and Methods: The study is a retrospective, observational study. Among the cases admitted to the pandemic clinic, patients diagnosed with COVID-19 pneumonia were included. The plan was to compare cases who received and did not receive inhaled corticosteroids in terms of pneumonia severity and mortality. In order to define risk factors for mortality, univariate and multivariable negative binomial regression analyses were performed. Results: In our study, it was observed that n= 540 (75%) cases did not receive inhaled corticosteroids (group 1), and 180 (25%) cases used inhaled corti costeroids (group 2). Group 1 and group 2 cases were compared in terms of pneumonia severity with no significant difference between the two groups (p= 0.11). Then, risk factors affecting mortality in all cases were examined with univariate analyses. Increasing age, applying mechanical ventilation, having severe pneumonia, having interstitial lung disease, and applying prone position were found to be statistically significant factors in mortality (p< 0.05). Conclusion: In conclusion, in our study, it was observed that the use of inhaled corticosteroids did not increase the severity of pneumonia and mortality. It was thought that the treatment they received could be continued when the patients treated with inhaled corticosteroids due to asthma and COPD had COVID-19 pneumonia.
Comparison of pre-post operation of cardiac outputs in breast reduction with Simpson’s rule and Teichholz’s formula
(BAYRAKOL MEDICAL PUBLISHER, 2024) Muslu, Ümran; Demir, Emre; Aydoğdu, Gülçin; Şenen Demirez, Dilek; Yüksel, İsa Öner
Aim: This study aims to compare pre- and post-operative cardiac outputs in patients undergoing breast reduction surgery using Simpson's rule and Teichholz's formula. The assessment focuses on ejection fraction (EF), end-systolic volume (ESV), end-diastolic volume (EDV), and stroke volume (SV). Material and Methods: Comparisons across the repeated measurements (pre and post operation values for EF, EDV, ESV and SV) were made by either using Paired Samples t-test or Wilcoxon signed-rank tests. Results: Statistically significant differences were observed in EF, EDV, and SV pre- and post-operative mean scores using the Simpson method (p<0.001, p=0.004, p<0.001, respectively). No significant difference was found for ESV (p=0.061). Using the Teichholz method, significant differences were found in EF, ESV, and SV (p<0.001, p<0.001, p<0.001), but not for EDV (p=0.646). According to Bland-Altman graphics, pre-post measurements were within the limits of agreement in all cardiac outputs. Discussion: Numerous studies in the literature have demonstrated the positive effects of breast reduction surgery on both aesthetic and functional health. Our study makes a significant contribution by revealing the positive impact of this surgery on cardiac performance. Our findings underscore the cardiac benefits of breast reduction surgery and support its role in enhancing overall patient well-being. Future research could investigate in greater detail the long-term cardiovascular benefits and potential respiratory improvements associated with this procedure.
Transcranial direct current stimulation alleviates nociceptive behavior in male rats with neuropathic pain by regulating oxidative stress and reducing neuroinflammation
(WILEY, 2023) Akçay, Güven; Nemutlu Samur, Dilara; Derin, Narin
Transcranial direct curent stimulation (tDCS) and trans-spinal direct current stimulation (tsDCS) are promising therapies for pain that can alter the excitability of neuronal activity in cerebral cortex. The aim of the study is to investigate the therapeutic effects of direct current stimulation (DCS) over the spinal cord and cerebral cortex on oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in rats with chronic constriction injury (CCI). Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four experimental groups: Sham, CCI, CCI + tDCS and CCI?+?tsDCS. The neuropathic pain model was induced by using the CCI model. Rats with neuropathy were treated with cathodal tDCS and tsDCS stimulations consisting of 0.5?mA for 30?min a day for 7?days from day 8 onwards. Locomotor activity was measured by open-field test and nociceptive behavior was assessed by hot-plate, tail-flick and Randall–Selitto tests. Following the behavioral experiments, total oxidant capacity (TOC), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and proinflammatory cytokine levels were evaluated in spinal cord and cerebral cortex tissues. The CCI model induced significant mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia. Nociceptive behaviors in rats with CCI were reversed by DCS treatment. Higher TOC and lower TAC levels were detected in the spinal cord and cerebral cortex tissues of the CCI rats compared to the control. tsDCS treatment amended oxidant/antioxidant status. Moreover, tsDCS modulated the central levels of Tumor necrosis factor-? (TNF-?), interleukin 1-beta (IL-1?), IL-6 and IL-18. tsDCS stimulation showed better therapeutic effect on neuropathic pain by regulating oxidant/antioxidant levels and reducing neuroinflammation. DCS, especially at spinal level, may be a promising therapeutic strategy that can be used alone or in combination with other effective treatments for alleviating neuropathic pain.
Investigation of The Learning and Memory Enhancing Effects of 0.25 mA and 0.5 mA Anodal and Cathodal Transcranial Direct Current Stimulations in Healthy Rats
(Ordu University, 2023) Akçay, Güven
Objective: Our aim in this study was to investigate the effects of tDCS, which is known to be effective on AM-PA and NMDA, with different anodal and cathodal stimulation types and 0.25 mA and 0.5 mA current intensi-ties on learning and memory by behavioral and molecular mechanisms. Methods: 50 male Wistar rats weighing 290-310 g were divided into 5 groups as control, C1-tDCS, C2-tDCS, A1-tDCS and A2-tDCS. In the C1-tDCS group, 0.25 mA cathodal tDCS stimulation for 30 min per day for 5 days, in the C2-tDCS group for 30 min per day for 0.5 mA cathodal tDCS stimulation for 5 days, in the A1-tDCS group for 5 days with 0.25 mA anodal tDCS stimulation for 30 min per day and A2-tDCS group The tDCS group received 0.5 mA anodal tDCS stimulation for 30 minutes per day for 5 days. On the 6th and 7th days of the experiment, the locomotor activity, learning and memory behaviors of the rats were evaluated by open field test, y maze test and object localization test. In addition, glutamate levels were measured in hippocampus tis-sues by ELISA method. Results: It was observed that there were non-significant decreases in the results of the C1-tDCS and C2-tDCS groups in which cathodal stimulation was applied compared to the control group in locomotor activity, learning and memory data. On the other hand, an increase was observed in the data of the A1-tDCS and A2-tDCS groups in which anodal stimulation was applied, and the increase in the data of the A2-tDCS group from these groups was found to be statistically significant compared to the control (p<0.05). Similar results were also seen in glu-tamate levels. A non-significant decrease in glutamate levels was observed in the C1-tDCS and C2-tDCS groups compared to the control, while an insignificant increase in glutamate levels in the A1-tDCS group was observed. On the other hand, there was a significant increase in glutamate level in the A1-tDCS group compared to the control group (p<0.05).
A bibliometric perspective with research trends and global productivity on the modernization of andrology from the founder of modern clinical andrology Edward Martin to the present
(Verduci Editore, 2023) Ekici, Musa; Demir, Emre; Aydın, Cemil
OBJECTIVE: The number of studies in the field of andrology is increasing day by day, but a bibliometric study covering the entire literature on andrology has not yet been conducted. This bibliometric study aims to shed light on the question of where we came from and where we are going in andrology from past to present. It also aimed to summarize the intellectual structure of andrology to reveal global productivity and identify and map the latest trends of scientific articles published in the field of andrology. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 16,659 articles published between 1980 and 2022 were extracted from the Web of Science and analyzed using various statistical methods. Bibliometric network visualization maps revealed trending topics, global productivity, the most influential studies, and international collaborations. Spearman’s correlation analysis was used for determining correlations. RESULTS: The top three productive countries were United States of America (3,452; 20.7%), China (2,300; 13.8%), and Germany (1,069; 6.4%). The top two most productive authors were Agarwal A. (n=130) and Nieschlag E. (n=130). The most productive institution was the Egyptian Knowledge Bank (n=422). From past to present, the most studied subjects were testis, male infertility, spermatozoa, testosterone, infertility, erectile dysfunction, spermatogenesis, sperm, prostate cancer (PCA)/neoplasms, oxidative stress, fertility/fertilization, semen, rat(s), apoptosis, azoospermia, sperm motility, human and varicocele. CONCLUSIONS: The trend topics that have been researched more in recent years include erectile dysfunction, oxidative stress, prostate cancer, sperm quality, sperm parameters, infertility, premature ejaculation, diabetes mellitus, obesity, prognosis, sperm DNA fragmentation/damage, antioxidant, asthenozoospermia, varicocelectomy, COVID-19, inflammation, prostatectomy, metabolic syndrome, hypogonadism, benign prostatic hyperplasia, lower urinary tract symptoms, meta-analysis, sexual dysfunction, peyronie’s disease, and proliferation. We identified the research leadership of China, Japan, Turkey and India, in addition to Western countries, such as the USA and European countries.
The Effect of Biogel Using Biomagnetic Energy in the Treatment of Acute Pain in the Upper Extremity and Spine: A Randomized Controlled Trial
(2023) Kayır, Tuba; Demir, Emre; Alıç, Taner; Kayır, Selçuk
Objective: Pain is a public health problem, which is caused by various etiological factors and leads to diminished quality of life and decreased workforce. The aim of this study was to determine whether Biogel has an effect in the treatment of pain. Methods: Patients due to acute pain in the upper extremity and/or trunk were divided into two groups as treatment and placebo by randomization method. For the patients in the treatment group,the non-interventional Biogel was applied for 10 minutes. For the control group, a non-interventional placebo was applied for 10 mins. A record was made of patient demographic data,the region of the pain, and mean arterial pressure (MAP) values before and after the application. All the patients in both groups were administered a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) to evaluate pain severity,and the Nottingham Health Profile (NHP) before and after the applications. The data obtained were compared. Results: In the biogel group, a statistically significant decrease was determined in the NHP-P values after treatment compared to before treatment (P<0.001). In the placebo group,no statistically significant difference was determined in the NHP-P values before and after treatment (P=0.104). In the Biogel group,a statistically significant decrease was determined in the VAS values after treatment compared to before treatment (P<0.001). In the placebo group,no statistically significant difference was determined in the VAS values before and after treatment (P=0.157). Conclusion: These types of complementary medicine applications focussed on pain treatment can reduce the disease burden and can probably reduce costs.
Biomechanical comparison of different suture materials with different techniques in tendon repair: An ex-vivo study
(ELSEVIER, 2023) Muslu, Ümran; Alıç, Taner; Demir, Emre; Gölpınar, Murat; Bilici, İbrahim; Demirezen, Murat Okan
Objectives Sheep Achilles tendons are used as an effective preclinical model of flexor tendon repair in plastic surgery, due to their biomechanical properties, which are similar to humans. The aim of this study was to examine the efficacy and biomechanical outcomes of suture materials and tendon repair techniques in flexor tendon repair. Material and methods 72 sheep tendons were obtained for a total of 12 different scenarios. Tendons were repaired using 4 different suture types and 3 different suture techniques. After repair, the tendons were fixed at both ends and subjected to biomechanical tests. Ultimate Failure Load (UFL) and 2-mm Gap Load (GL) per scenario were compared statistically within and between groups. Results UFL and GL of all sutures were significantly different between the modified Kessler, Bunnell and Krackow techniques (P??0.05). Conclusion When UFL and GL were considered together, our findings indicate that optimal strength scenarios were for the modified Kessler technique using Monosorb or V-loc sutures.
Evolution of the Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy: A Holistic Investigation of Global Outputs with Bibliometric Analysis
(GALENOS PUBL HOUSE, 2023) Kölükçü, Engin; Parlaktaş, Bekir Süha; Kılıç, Şahin; Demir, Emre
Objective: This bibliometric study identifies the studies, institutions and journals with the highest impact by analyzing the articles published about percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) and further to establish trend topics and to holistically summarize and interpret collaboration among countries. Materials and Methods: Studies published about PCNL between 1975-2020 were downloaded from the Web of Science (WoS) database. They were analyzed using bibliometric and statistical methods. Spearman’s correlation coefficient was used for correlation analysis. Non-linear regression analysis was used to estimate the number of publications in the coming years. Results: A total of 4170 publications were found and 1936 (46.4%) of these publications were articles. We observed that the articles on PCNL have gradually increased in an exponential trend. Top 5 countries having contributed most to the literature ranked as Turkiye (n=376), USA (n=332), China (n=323), India (n=210) and Iran (n=123). Top 3 most active institutions were ranked as Guangzhou Medical University (n=63), University of Health Sciences Turkiye, İstanbul Haseki Training and Research Hospital (n=52) and Başkent University (n=32). Conclusion: In our study, we observed that there has been an increase in the number of PCNL-related publications over the course of time. Besides, we determined that recent publications, mainly focused on the success and reliability of PCNL. In this context, there has been a steady increase in the number of studies on the use of Guy’s scoring system for preoperative selection of eligible patients and surgical approaches such as mini PCNL, prone position.
Changes in the Ubiquitination System in Children with Cerebral Palsy
(2023) Doğan, Ayşe Gülşen; Çetin, İhsan
Aim: We aimed to investigate the levels of Ubiquitin Carboxy Terminal Hydrolase-L1 enzyme (UHC-L1), Transactive Response DNA Binding Protein-43 (TDP-43) and Cullin-3 in peripheral blood associated with ubiquitination processes in children with cerebral palsy (CP). Material and Method: We included 50 children with CP in the first patient group. In the control group, there were 30 healthy children who were matched with the patient groups in terms of age and gender. We also recorded risk factors for CP, CP type, botox application, orthosis use, maternal age at birth, and additional problems. Patients aged 6-10 years, diagnosed with CP, without genetic, metabolic disease or mental retardation history were included in this study. Results: There were 32 female and 18 male patients in the CP group, while there were 19 female and 11 male volunteers in the control group. Maternal age was significantly higher in the CP group (p=0.002). In our study, as a result of the comparison between the control group and the CP group in terms of UCH-L1, TDP-43 and Cullin 3 levels; the levels of UCH-L1 (p=0.048), TDP-43 (p=0.028) and Cullin 3 (p=0.042) in the CP group were found to be statistically significantly lower than the levels of the control group. Conclusion: The low serum concentrations of UCHL-L1, Cullin 3 and TDP-43 molecules in the CP group and the statistically positive correlation of these molecules with each other may help to understand the neuronal pathophysiology after disruption of the ubiquitination system.
Investigation of the Relationship of Serotonin, Dopamine and Their Metabolites with ? – Synuclein in Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
(YERKURE TANITIM & YAYINCILIK HIZMETLERI, 2023) Çetin, İhsan; Kayadibi, Hüseyin; Yazla Asaf, Ece; Aydınoğlu, Ünsal
Objective: Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is a mental disorder characterized by obsessions and/or compulsions. Impulsive features play a role in the etiology, symptomatology and clinical presentation of OCD. ?-synuclein which plays a role in dopaminergic and serotonergic neurotransmission has been shown to be effective in impulse control. The aim of this study was to examine the levels of ?-synuclein, serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT), dopamine, dopamine ?-hydroxylase (DBH), 5-hydroxyindolacetic acid (5-HIAA), homovanillic acid (HVA) and heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) in OCD. Methods: Twenty-six OCD patients and age-gender matched 23 healthy volunteers were included in this study. Biochemical parameters were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. Patients were evaluated with Barratt Impulsivity Scale (BIS) and Dimensional Obsession Compulsion Scale (DOCS). Results: Compared with the controls, significant reduction of 5-HT, dopamine and DBH levels while significant increase of ?-synuclein, HVA and HSP70 levels was found in patients with OCD. Moreover, ?-synuclein levels were significantly negatively correlated with 5-HT, dopamine and DBH, while significantly positively correlated with HVA, 5-HIAA and HSP70. HTR and dopamine levels were found to be associated with the subscale of BIS. Dopamine and DBH levels were found to be associated with the subscale of DOCS. Conclusion: It may be suggested that ?-synuclein is associated with dopaminergic and serotinergic pathways, and may provide important contributions for elucidating the etiology of OCD. It can be suggested that the effect of dopamine is more than 5-HT, based on the fact that not only dopamine but also DBH is correlated with OCD symptoms
Assessing the relationship between antipsychotic drug use and prolidase enzyme activity and oxidative stress in schizophrenia patients: a case-control study
(LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS, 2023) Yazla Asaf, Ece; Çetin, İhsan; Kayadibi, Hüseyin
Background The relationship between proline, its association with oxidative stress, and its connection to schizophrenia is a subject that has not been sufficiently investigated. Objective The aim of this study is to evaluate the possible effects of atypical and combined (typical and atypical) antipsychotic use on serum prolidase enzyme activity (SPEA) and serum oxidative stress parameters, and to assess the relationship between SPEA and oxidative stress in patients with schizophrenia. Methods A total of 57 patients with schizophrenia, of which 34 were using atypical (AAPG) and 23 were using combined (typical and atypical) (CAPG) antipsychotic therapy, and 28 healthy volunteers (control group) were included in this case-control study. Results SPEA levels of AAPG and CAPG were significantly lower than that of control group (P = 0.003). The oxidative stress index (OSI) value of AAPG was significantly higher than the other two groups (P = 0.001). SPEA (<1860 U/l) and OSI (?0.54) could discriminate schizophrenia patients with antipsychotic therapy from control groups (P = 0.001 and P = 0.007, respectively). Lower SPEA levels were associated with antipsychotic use (P = 0.007). Conclusion The SPEA values of patients with schizophrenia on antipsychotics were significantly lower compared to controls. OSI values were significantly higher in atypical antipsychotic recipients compared to those on combined antipsychotics and healthy controls.
Evaluating a-synuclein, dopamine and serotonin concentrations in the blood of patients with heroin use disorder: Baseline and post-treatment comparisons
(PACINI EDITORE, 2023) Yazla Asaf, Ece; Çetin, İhsan; Kayadibi, Hüseyin
Background. Oligomerization of a-synuclein is induced by serotonin aldehyde, and impulsive behaviour and substance use disorders may be associated with a-synuclein, dopamine and serotonin. Aim: We aimed to compare blood levels of a-synuclein, dopamine and serotonin in patients with heroin use disorder (HUD) and healthy individuals and to assess the possible effects of HUD treatment on the blood levels of these impulsivity-associated markers. Methods: 17 patients with HUD and 23 healthy volunteers were included in this study. All participants' baseline a-synuclein, 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), dopamine, dopamine beta-hydroxylase (D.H), 5-hydroxy indole acetic acid (5-HIAA), homovanillic acid (HVA), and heat shock protein-70 (HSP-70) blood levels were measured. In patients with HUD, levels of these markers were measured after three weeks of buprenorphine treatment. Results: While the pre-and post-treatment HVA levels of the patient group were significantly higher (p=0.036), the pre-and post-treatment D.H (p<0.001), 5-HT (p<0.001) and dopamine (p<0.001) levels were significantly lower compared to controls. The patient group's post-treatment a-synuclein (p=0.044) levels were significantly higher than controls. With a cut-off value of <2000 ng/mL, DBH levels had a sensitivity of 94.1% and a specificity of 100.0% to detect patients with HUD. With a <251 pg/mL cut-off value, dopamine had 94.1% sensitivity and 82.6% specificity in distinguishing patients with HUD from controls. Conclusions: Dopamine and D.H may be helpful markers in diagnosing HUD. Understanding the influence of heroin use on these markers and pathways may enable their utilisation in assessing impulsive behaviour towards heroin.
Tau protein hyperphosphorylation in children with cerebral palsy with sleep disorders
(MediHealth Academy, 2023) Doğan, Ayşe Gülşen; Çetin, İhsan
Aims: In this study, we aimed to evaluate the relationship between sleep disorder and serum tau protein levels in children with cerebral palsy. Methods: The sample was selected among children aged 6-10 years who applied to our physical medicine and rehabilitation outpatient clinic. In order to evaluate sleep quality, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire was recorded by asking parents of all participants. Children with CP who had a Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index value above 5 were determined as the sleep disorder group. We recruited 27 children with CP and sleep disorders in the first patient group (Group 1), 27 children with CP but without sleep disorders in the second group (Group 2). The third group (Group 3), which was the healthy group, included 27 children without any disease. We also recorded the age of children at diagnosis, risk factors for CP (premature, prolonged birth, etc.), CP type, gross motor function classification system (GMFCS), botox application, orthoses usage, maternal age at birth, and additional problems. We measured total tau protein (T-tau) and phosphorylated tau protein (P-tau) levels in blood samples through a double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The correlation between tau protein and PSQI values was examined. Results: Maternal age (p=0.001), gross motor function classification system (GMFCS) (p=0.001), and pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) (p=0.001) were significantly higher in the group with sleep disorders. There was a statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of serum T-Tau and P-tau protein levels (T-tau p=0.003, P-tau p=0.004). In the group sleep disorders, PSQI was significantly correlated with T-tau (r=0.499) and P-tau (r=0.473). Conclusion: This study shows that tau protein levels are higher in CP patients with sleep disorders than in participants without sleep disorders. In the correlation analyzes, a positive and significant correlation was observed between PSQI values and T-tau and P-tau in sleep disorders groups, and no correlation was found in without sleep disorders.
The Relationship Between Metal Element Content of Drinking Water and Body Compositions of People in Batman
(Kocaeli University, 2023) Çetin, İhsan; Akın, Selçuk; Nalbantçılar, Mahmut Tahir; Koç, Nazlı; Tosun. Kezban
Objective: Previous studies showed that the levels of micro elements may have a contribution to weight loss. Nevertheless, it is not possible to find many comprehensive studies analysing the potential relation between micro elements found in water used for drinking purposes and body composition. The present study aims to assess the relation between micro element levels of drinking water and body composition in normal, fat and obese subjects. Methods: The study consisted of 345 female participants, who were divided into 3 groups of 115, according to body mass index (BMI) for leanness, overweight, and obesity; and who applied to Diet Polyclinic of State Hospital. Water samples were analysed with mass spectrometry; and body composition measurements were conducted via bioelectrical impedance analysis. Results: The obesity percentage in females demonstrated statistically positive correlations with cobalt (Co) and selenium (Se) in water for drinking. Also, it was found that the BMI values of females significantly positively correlated with chromium (Cr). Conclusion: It may be suggested that women who consume drinking water containing high levels of Co, Se and Cr might be at a greater risk of developing obesity. On the other hand, the lack of knowledge about influence of levels of micro elements in drinking water on blood parameters associated with obesity or tissue remains unclear and deserves more investigation.
Evaluation of blood metal levels of hockey teams after playing on synthetic turf fields
(TRISAKTI UNIV, 2023) Güllü, Esin; Efdal, Abdulsamet; Güllü, Abdullah; Çetin, İhsan
Background Artificial turf fields are widely used as an alternative to natural grass in many areas such as parks, playgrounds, and playing fields. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the toxicological effects of the chemicals contained in the fields consisting of artificial turf and crumb rubber on the blood metal levels in field hockey players Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 28 apparently healthy men aged 20-25 years who participated in this study voluntarily. They consisted of 17 field hockey athletes [athlete group (AG)] and 11 sedentary males [control group (CG)]. Before and after the 7-day tournament, blood samples were taken from AG and CG to measure mercury, arsenic, aluminum, lead, zinc, magnesium and iron levels. An independent t-test was used to analyze the data. Results In comparisons between CG and AG, the magnesium level of AG before the tournament was higher, while the iron and mercury levels were significantly lower (p<0.05). In intragroup comparisons, a significant increase was observed in the post-tournament magnesium and iron variables in the AG group (p<0.05). In post-tournament intergroup comparisons, increases in the Mg and decreases in the Hg variables of AG were significant (p<0.05). Conclusion It is thought that as a result of the tournament on fields with synthetic grass surfaces, the male field hockey players in the 20-25 age group were toxicologically not affected by the harmful heavy metals present in these fields, because the Hg, As, Pb, Zn, Al, Fe, and Mg levels are within the international reference ranges.
Decreased serum levels of glial markers and their relation with clinical parameters in patients with schizophrenia
(KLINIK PSIKIYATRI DERGISI, 2023) Çetin, İhsan; Demirel, Ömer Faruk; Sağlam, Tarık; Yıldız, Nazım; Duran, Alaattin
Objective: The neurodevelopmental hypothesis of schizophrenia suggests that alterations of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) functions may play a role in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. However, there is limited information about the relationship of these molecules with the clinical features of schizophrenia. In this study, it was aimed to compare patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls in terms of serum GFAP and GDNF levels and to investigate the effects of clinical parameters on serum levels of molecules in patients with schizophrenia. Method: 37 patients with schizophrenia followed in the psychosis unit and 37 age- and sex-matched healthy controls without a history of psychiatric disease were recruited in study. The patients evaluated through the Turkish version of positive and negative syndrome scale. On the other hand, sociodemographic question form was applied to both the patients and the healthy controls. Results: Serum GDNF and GFAP levels of patients with schizophrenia were significantly lower than those of healthy controls. Furthermore, serum GDNF levels were negatively correlated with general and negative syndrome scales (PANSS) in these patients. Conclusion: It has been observed that there is a relationship between PANSS and changes in the GDNF levels of schizophrenia patients. However, larger clinical studies in which these markers are also measured in cerebrospinal fluid are needed to understand the biological mechanisms underlying these associations and to understand whether glial markers could be useful as biomarkers for the diagnosis of schizophrenia
Importance of NK Cells in Cellular and Humoral Responses Triggered by Pneumococcus Vaccination
(KARGER, 2023) Gazi, Umut; Tosun, Özgür; Derici, Mehmet Kürşat; Karasartova, Djursun; Güreser, Ayşe Semra; Taylan Özkan, Hikmet Ayşegül
Introduction: Despite the success of vaccination in reducing overall rate of pneumococcal pneumonia, Streptococcus pneumoniae is still held responsible for high mortality and modality rates worldwide. Our study aimed to investigate the potential role played by NK cells in immune response generated by pneumococcal vaccination, which could contribute to the development of more effective vaccines. Methods: The study included mice with and without NK cell depletion which were immunized with pneumococcus polysaccharide-conjugated vaccine followed by pneumococcus polysaccharide vaccine (PPV). Serum samples and splenocytes were collected from mice sacrificed 4 weeks after the last PPV dose. Serum samples were used for antibody level quantification by ELISA assay, while splenocytes were treated with PPV in vitro before monitoring CD4+ T-cell subsets (TH1, TH2, and TH17) and cytokine (IFN-?, IL-4, and IL-17) secretion levels by flow cytometry and ELISA analysis, respectively. Results: Results demonstrated reduced pneumococcal IgG and TH1 cell levels due to NK cell depletion. Nevertheless, in contrast to these observations, IFN-? secretion levels after in vitro PPV-23 treatment of splenocytes did not exhibit any statistically significant difference between the two mice groups. Conclusions: The data indicate a positive contribution of NK cells to both T-cell and B-cell responses triggered against pneumococcal vaccination. Further studies are required to confirm our data and investigate the potential benefit of NK cell targeting in promoting vaccine efficacy, especially in the elderly population who continues to be affected significantly by pneumococcal pneumonia.
Analyses of the relationships among biofilm activity, antibiotic resistance and expressions of SHV, TEM, CTXand IntI in Klebsiella pneumoniae
(2021) Güçkan, Rıdvan; Kılınç, Çetin; Başkan, Ceren; Yazgan, Burak; Mesci, Seda; Yıldırım, Tuba
Aim: Klebsiella pneumoniae as an opportunistic pathogen is responsible for nosocomial, urinary tract infections, pneumonia, bacteremia, liver abscesses, and respiratory and blood infections in patients. The aim of our study is to examine the antibiotic sensitivity, expression levels of IntI, TEM, SHV and CTX genes, which play a role in multidrug resistance, biofilm formation and even the relationships among them. Materials and Methods: Identification was implemented by carrying out the VITEK2 system and phenotypic confirmation of the ESBL producing isolates by using a combined disc test. Antibiotic sensitivity was implemented by disc diffusion method and microdilution methods toward various antibiotics. Furthermore, biofilm formation was examined through microtitration plate method. Results: The expressions of IntI, TEM, SHV and CTX were implemented in qRT-PCR. 19 were susceptible to all antibiotics, 17 were ESBL (+) and 16 were carbapenem-resistant among 52. The expression of these genes was upregulated in ESBL (+) strains and produced biofilm and the expression of these genes was upregulated, too. Conclusion: The results of the study revealed the potential role of the mentioned genes in biofilm formation and antibiotic resistance, enabling the development of new drugs. Further studies will be essential so as to determine when or how these systems are included in antibiotic resistance and biofilm formation.
Yoğun Bakım Hastalarında Beslenme İntoleransına Etki Eden Faktörler Ve Mortalite İle İlişkisi: Prospektif Gözlemsel Klinik Araştırma
(2020) Şahiner, Yeliz; Doğu, Cihangir; Özçiftci, Serhat; Doğan, Güvenç; Yağan, Özgür; Demir, Emre
Amaç: Yoğun bakım hastalarında beslenme büyük bir öneme sahiptir. Hastaların yeterli beslenme desteği alması iyileşme oranlarını artırdığı gibi mortalite ve morbiditeyi de düşürmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı hastaların yoğun bakımda beslenme desteği aldığında, hedeflenen kaloriye ulaşmasına engel olan faktörlerini ortaya koymak, varsa beslenme intoleransı ve yetersizliğinin mortalite ve morbitide üzerine etkilerini belirlemektir. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Eylül 2017- Eylül 2018 tarihleri arasında yoğun bakım ünitesine kabul edilen 18 yaş üstü 80 hastanın dâhil edildiği prospektif gözlemsel bir araştırmadır. Seksen hastanın 13’üne sadece parenteral destek verildiğinden çalışma dışı bırakıldı. Hastalar enteral yolla ilk 4 gün hedeflenen kalorinin %50 ve fazlasını alamayan (Grup 1) ve alan (Grup 2) olarak ikiye ayrıldı. Hastaların yaş cinsiyet, boy, kilo, APACHE II, SOFA, Glaskow skorları, yatış nedeni, vazopressör desteği, beslenme desteği, bulantı-kusma, reflü, diyare varlığı, dört günlük kalori ihtiyacına erişimi, solunum desteği, bası yarası, diyaliz gereksinimi, dört günlük kaloriye erişim yolu, ülser proflaksisi, yatış süresi ve mortalite kayıt altına alındı. Bulgular: Grup 1 (n=30) hastada, hedef kaloriye enteral yol ile ulaşılamazken Grup 2 (n=37) hastada enteral beslenmenin yeterli olduğu görüldü. Gruplar arasında yaş, cinsiyet, boy, kilo, VKİ, APACHE II, SOFA ve Glaskow skorları arasında fark olmadığı tespit edildi. Hastaların %80.5 (n=54) mekanik ventilatör desteği, %12.9 (n=7) trakeostomi ile destek aldığı görüldü. Mekanik ventilatör desteği almayan hastalarda %19.5 (n=13) hastanın noninvaziv ventilatasyon desteği aldığı görüldü. Solunum desteği açısından gruplar arasında anlamlı fark saptanmadı. Hastaların kültürde üreme, vazopressör desteği, mortalite ve yatış süresi açısından anlamlı fark saptanmadı. Sonuç: Hastaların iyileşme sürecine katkıda bulunmak için beslenme büyük önem arz eder. Bu çalışmada da enteral beslenmenin, beslenme intoleransı ve yetersizliğine yol açmayacak şekilde hastanın gereksinimi olan enerji ihtiyacına ek morbidite eklemeden ulaşmasına yardımcı olduğu görülmüştür. Beslenme intoleransı hakkında yapılan çalışmalarda mortalite ile ilişkilendirilse de çalışmanın sonuçlarında mortalite ve yoğun bakım yatış süreleri ile beslenme intoleransı arasında ilişki bulunmamıştır.
The Effects of Aerobic Exercise on Thyroid Hormone Levels in Obese Boys
(2020) Satılmış, Nuray; Çimen, Leyla; Çetin, İhsan; Polat, Yahya; Çimen, Behzat
Aim: Although beneficial effects of physical exercises on adulthood obesity are well known, it is unclear how physical exercises affect thyroid hormone related body composition, basal metabolic rate and thermogenesis in obese children. Our objective is to examine the effects of physical exercise program on 3-5-3’triiodothyronine (T3) and 3-5-3’-5’tetraiodothyronine (T4) in obese boys. Materials and Method: Our study consisted of 10 obese boys (aged from 13 to 15) and a control group of 10 healthy boys age and gender matched. Before exercise program, 10 ml blood samples were taken from the obese and control group boys; and 10 ml blood samples were taken from the obese boys after program exercise 3 days/week for 12 weeks. The lipid profiles, creatine kinase (CK), creatine kinase-MB, T3 and T4 levels in blood samples were measured for both groups. Results: In present study, it was found that control group and obese boys after aerobic exercise had significantly higher T3 and T4 levels (1.63±0.17; 9.80±0.93 and 1.70±0.10; 10.1±0.54, respectively) and significantly lower CK levels (142.7±4.11 and 151.8±3.70, respectively) than those of obese boys before aerobic exercise (1.19±0.81; 7.37±0.47 and 165.3±2.49, respectively). Furthermore, it was found that aerobic exercise significantly decreased triglyceride and cholesterol levels in obese boys (104.0±3.77 and 193.7±2.90, respectively). Conclusion: When these findings are taken into account, it may be suggested that aerobic exercises can help with the improvement of decreased thyroid hormone levels which may be cause a weight increase together with a decrease in basal metabolic rate and thermogenesis in obese boys.

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