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Photocrosslinked methacrylated pectin and methacrylated hyaluronic acıd wound dressing loaded with oleuropein as bioactive agent
(TAYLOR & FRANCIS AS, 2023) Moran Bozer, Büşra; Özkahraman, Bengi; Mert Balaban, Hümeyra
Oleuropein-loaded photocrosslinked hydrogels, consisting of methacrylated pectin (PEC-MA) andmethacrylated hyaluronic acid (HA-MA), were developed as a new hydrogel wound dressing.Pectin and hyaluronic acid were methacrylated and the composite hydrogels were developed byphotocrosslinking of the methacrylated polymer precursors. Methacrylation and the photocros-slinking reactions were approved by1H-NMR and FTIR analyses. In addition to thermal and mor-phological characterizations, swelling andin vitrodegradation studies were performed. Moreimportantly, bioactivity studies, such as cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and hemolysis were performedto reveal the potential of the oleuropein-loaded photocrosslinked hybrid hydrogels for wounddressing applications.In vitroscratch assay studies showed that oleuropein-loaded wound dressingeffectively promoted the wound healing compared to the control in 24 hrs. Oleuropein-loadedphotocrosslinked hydrogels had no genotoxic and cytotoxic effects on L929 cells and could havea potential for wound healing applications.
Adsorptive separation of CH4, H2, CO2, and N2 using fullerene pillared graphene nanocomposites: Insights from molecular simulations
(SPRINGER, 2023) Mert Balaban, Hümeyra; Deniz, Celal Utku; Baykasoğlu, Cengiz
Context The adsorptive separation performances of fullerene pillared graphene nanocomposites (FPGNs) with tunable micro and meso porous morphology are investigated for the binary mixtures of CH4, H2, CO2 and N2 by using grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) simulations. Diferent fullerene types are considered in designs as pillar to investigate the efects of porosity on the gas separation performances of FPGNs, and the GCMC simulations are performed for an equimolar binary mixture of CO2/H2, CO2/CH4, CO2/N2 and CH4/H2 inspired by industrial gas mixtures. It is found that CO2/N2, CO2/H2 and CH4/H2 selectivity of FPGNs are about 72, 410 and 145 at 298 K and 1 bar, which are higher than those for several adsorbent materials reported. Methods Five diferent FPGN models which contain covalently bonded periodical fullerene and graphene units were constructed using C60, C180, C320, C540 and C720 fullerenes, followed by geometry optimization using Open Babel. All GCMC simulations of adsorption were performed in the RASPA. The adsorption isotherms of FPGNs for pure gases are comparatively examined, and their performances are discussed based on the pore structure and isosteric heat of adsorption. Then, the separation factors of FPGNs for equimolar binary mixtures of these gases are elucidated from the diference in the heat of adsorption and the adsorption selectivity
Thiolated Cellulose: A Dual-Acting Mucoadhesive and Permeation-Enhancing Polymer
(AMER CHEMICAL SOC, 2023) Kali, Gergely; Özkahraman, Bengi; Laffleur, Flavia; Knoll, Patrick; Wibel, Richard; Zoller, Katrin; Bernkop-Schnurch, Andreas
This study aims to design an anionic, thiolated cellulose derivative and to evaluate its mucoadhesive and permeation-enhancing properties utilizing enoxaparin as a model drug. 2-Mercaptosuccinic acid-modified cellulose (cellulose–mercaptosuccinate) was synthesized by the reaction of cellulose with S-acetylmercaptosuccinic anhydride. The chemical structure of the target compound was confirmed by FTIR and 1H NMR spectroscopy. The thiol content was determined by Ellman’s test. The conjugate exhibited 215.5 ± 25 ?mol/g of thiol groups and 84 ± 16 ?mol/g of disulfide bonds. Because of thiolation, mucoadhesion on porcine intestinal mucosa was 9.6-fold enhanced. The apparent permeability (Papp) of the model dye Lucifer yellow was up to 2.2-fold improved by 0.5% cellulose–mercaptosuccinate on a Caco-2 cell monolayer. Enoxaparin permeation through rat intestinal mucosa increased 2.4-fold in the presence of 0.5% cellulose–mercaptosuccinate compared with the drug in buffer only. In vivo studies in rats showed an oral bioavailability of 8.98% using cellulose–mercaptosuccinate, which was 12.5-fold higher than that of the aqueous solution of the drug. Results of this study show that the modification of cellulose with 2-mercaptosuccinic acid provides mucoadhesive and permeation-enhancing properties, making this thiolated polymer an attractive excipient for oral drug delivery.
Hydrophobic surface modification and characterization of melamine foam
(TUBİTAK, 2023) Okutan, Merve; Boran, Filiz; Ergün, Ayça; Kanca, Yusuf; Özkahraman, Bengi; Deligöz, Hüseyin
Abstract: Superhydrophobic and oleophilic modification of commercial acoustic melamine foam (MF) was made in this study. The modification was carried out with chitosan (CHI) and silica particles (SiO2 ), by using both a layer-by-layer-like approach (LbL) and dip coating technique. Subsequently, 1-octadecanethiol was used as a secondary modification agent. QCM-D, SEM, and FTIR analyses confirmed that the coating was successfully performed. After the modification, the column wall thicknesses increased than that of MF and they ranged from 25% to 48% for modified MF with an LbL-like approach (MMF) and modified MF via dip coating technique (MMFd), respectively. The sorption experiments showed that modified MFs, which had a water contact angle (WCA) above 160°, could sorb several model pollutants (vegetable oil, chloroform, ethanol, and toluene) up to 76–130 times their original weight. It had been determined that MMF protects its open-pore structure better than that of MMFd, which indicated that MF has a more uniform pore structure after modification. Furthermore, after 10 cycles of the sorption and release process, there was no significant change in sorption capacity, and they preserved their mechanical stability and flexibility
Relationships between comminution and chemical, petrographic and mineralogical properties of ores, and their effect on concentration
(OFICYNA WYDAWNICZA POLITECHNIKI WROCLAWSKIEJ, 2022) Deniz, Vedat
Abstract: Especially in terms of energy costs, data on chemical, petrographical, and mineralogical analyses of ores or minerals can provide very important information for their production in the desired size distribution. Therefore, suitable crushing and grinding machines can be selected, taking into account the data affecting the comminution such as grain size, texture, metamorphism, and mineral or element contents. However, in most mineral processing plants, these data are rarely used to understand the response of ores or minerals to comminution. Analysis of the relationships between the chemistry, petrography, and mineralogy of ores and the breakage mechanism during crushing or grinding has been the subject of researchers in the comminution field in recent years. This study is a review of studies done so far on the relationships between the comminution and the chemical, petrographic, and mineralogical properties of different ores and minerals, and their effect on concentration.
Sodyum Akrilat Esaslı Hidrojel Ve Kriyojellerin Şişme, Adsorpsiyon Ve Mekanik Özelliklerinin İncelenmesi
(2014) Bal Öztürk, Ayça; Özkahraman, Bengi; Gök, Mehmet Koray; Acar, Işıl
Bu çalışmada, sodyum akrilat esaslı hidrojel ve kriyojellerin şişme davranışları (şişme kapasitesi, denge şişme değeri ve şişme kinetiği), boyar madde (metilen mavisi) adsorpsiyonu ve mekanik özellikleri karşılaştırmalı olarak incelenmiştir. Kinetik paramatreler, doğrusal ve doğrusal olmayan metotlar kullanılarak belirlenmiştir. Buna ek olarak, kriyojel ve hidrojel yapıların yüzey morfolojileri, taramalı elektron mikroskobu (SEM) kullanılarak karakterize edilmiştir. Analizlerden elde edilen tüm sonuçlar karşılaştırmalı olarak değerlendirilmiştir
Boric acid-impregnated silk fibroin/gelatin/hyaluronic acid-based films for improving the wound healing process
(Wiley, 2021) Özen, Nurten; Özbaş, Zehra; İzbudak, Burçin; Emik, Serkan; Özkahraman, Bengi; Bal Öztürk, Ayça
Recently, with the progression in wound dressings, the importance of the biocompatible material with enhanced features for potential applications in the biomedical field has been more developed. Current strategies focus on the acceleration of the wound healing by systematically designed dressing materials. In this study, biocompatible hydrogel films with the combination of silk fibroin, hyaluronic acid and gelatin biopolymers were fabricated. To gain the enhanced wound healing behavior of wound dressings, boric acid (BA) was formulated in various ratios. The prepared hydrogel films were characterized in terms of FTIR, TGA, DSC, and SEM analysis. Following to the swelling and mechanical tests, in vitro biocompatibility and wound healing tests were performed against L929 fibroblast cell line. Results suggest that the presence of 1% (wt/vol) BA in the formulation of silk fibroin/gelatin/hyaluronic acid based hydrogel films is the key in providing such an enhanced mechanical and wound healing feature and may offer an alternative approach for wound healing treatment.
Aloe vera-based antibacterial porous sponges for wound dressing applications
(Springer, 2021) Tamahkar, Emel; Özkahraman, Bengi; Özbaş, Zehra; İzbudak, Burçin; Yarimcan, Filiz; Boran, Filiz; Bal Öztürk, Ayça
The antibacterial sponges with high macroporosity, high interconnectivity and high biocompatibility is a significant concern for wound healing applications. In this work, novel Aloe vera (AV) based sponges were developed via subsequent lyophilization with further chemical crosslinking throughout the double network sponges. Single network was composed of gelatin-sodium alginate (G-SA) while the double network using gelatin-sodium alginate- sodium hyaluronate (G-SA-HA) was produced with the addition of hyaluronic acid solution into the gelatin-sodium alginate matrix. Lastly, Aloe vera as the bioactive agent was fabricated throughout the gelatin-sodium alginate-sodium hyaluronate matrix. The AV-based sponges demonstrated large pores with high interconnectivity. The swelling degree of the AV-based sponges were higher than that of G-SA and G-SA-HA sponges. The release of AV from the sponges reached an equilibrium value after 24 h showing a more controlled release at pH 5.5 than at pH 7.4. AV-based sponges showed antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Bacillus cereus and displayed any cytotoxicity against Mesenchymal stem cells.
Characterization and antibacterial activity of gelatin-gellan gum bilayer wound dressing
(Taylor & Francis As, 2021) Özkahraman, Bengi; Özbaş, Zehra; Bayrak, Gülşen; Tamahkar, Emel; Perçin, Işık; Kılıç Süloğlu, Aysun; Bor, Filiz
Bilayer wound dressing systems consisting of various biopolymers have been preferred in biomedical applications due to its enhanced advantages in comparison with conventional systems. The aim of this research was to develop a novel bilayer wound dressing based on gelatin (G) and gellan gum (GG). The bilayer was composed of an upper layer impregnated with antibiotic drug sodium ampicillin and a drug-free lower sponge layer. The bilayer hydrogels were characterized by FTIR, TGA, DSC and SEM analyses including swelling behaviors and hydrolytic degradation tests. To achieve faster healing of the wound by prevention of the bacterial infection, the bilayer hydrogels were developed as antibiotic-releasing vehicles. Herein, release study of sodium ampicillin was performed in PBS to simulate the physiological micro-environment. Additionally, cyto-compatibility tests of L929 fibroblast cells showed the high proliferation and survival through drug-loaded GG and G hydrogels (GG-G-D) after 24h, 48h and 72h incubation. This novel GG-G bilayer hydrogel could be a good candidate as wound dressing.
Poly(vinyl alcohol)/(hyaluronic acid-g-kappa-carrageenan) hydrogel as antibiotic-releasing wound dressing
(Springer Int Publ Ag, 2021) Özbaş, Zehra; Özkahraman, Bengi; Bayrak, Gülşen; Kılıç Süloğlu, Aysun; Perçin, Işık; Boran, Filiz; Tamahkar, Emel; Boran, Filiz
The aim of this research was to investigate the potential of ampicillin-loaded hydrogels based on polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), hyaluronic acid (HA) and kappa-carrageenan ((K)-Carr) as an antibiotic-releasing wound dressing. Firstly, the novel polymers (HA-g-(K)-Carr) were synthesized by grafting of HA onto (K)-Carr using 4-dimethylaminopyridine/1-(3-dimethylaminopyl)-3-ethyl-carbodiimide hydrochloride as catalyst system via esterification reaction. The characterization of the polymer structure was performed by Fourier transform infrared spectrum (FTIR), proton nuclear magnetic resonance and thermogravimetric analysis. Secondly, PVA/(HA-g-(K)-Carr) hydrogel with/without loading of ampicillin molecules was formed via freeze-thawing method since PVA/K-Carr and PVA/HA hydrogels were also fabricated as control groups. The hydrogels were subjected to characterizations with FTIR and X-ray diffractometer. PVA/(HA-g-(K)-Carr) hydrogel demonstrated the highest swelling amount and highest ampicillin release amount reaching an equilibrium value after 480 min rather than the other hydrogels. Also, PVA/(HA-g-(K)-Carr) hydrogel exhibited inhibition zone against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus and no cytotoxic effect for L929 cells. All the results showed that PVA/(HA-g-(K)-Carr) hydrogels are good candidates for wound dressing applications.
Evaluation of hyaluronic acid nanoparticle embedded chitosan-gelatin hydrogels for antibiotic release
(Wiley, 2021) Özkahraman, Bengi; Tamahkar, Emel; İdil, Neslihan; Kılıç Süloğlu, Aysun; Perçin, Işık
The development of chitosan-gelatin (CS-G) hydrogels embedded with ampicillin-loaded hyaluronic acid nanoparticles (HA-NPs) for wound dressing is proposed. It was aimed to provide controlled ampicillin delivery by incorporation of HA-NPs into biocompatible CS-G hydrogel structure. According to in vitro ampicillin release studies, 55% of ampicillin was released from CS-G/HA-NPs hydrogels after 5 days. Antibacterial performance of CS-G/HA-NPs hydrogels was proven with agar disc diffusion test. For cytotoxicity assay, fibroblast cell viability increased in CS-G/HA-NPs hydrogels compared with CS-G group after 24 hr incubation. Consequently, the potential ability of CS-G/HA-NPs hydrogels as a controlled drug delivery system has been verified.
The removal of Cu(II) and Pb(II) ions from aqueous solutions by temperature-sensitive hydrogels based on N-isopropylacrylamide and itaconic acid
(Ios Press, 2021) Özkahraman, Bengi; Yıldırım, Eren; Emik, Serkan; Acar, Işıl
This study deals with the potential use of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-itaconic acid) temperature-sensitive hydrogels as an adsorbent for the removal of Cu(II) and Pb(II) ions from aqueous solutions. For this aim, the adsorption properties of hydrogels were examined by adsorption capacities, adsorption isotherm, and adsorption kinetics experiments. To describe the adsorption characteristics of hydrogels, the obtained experimental data were evaluated by Langmuir, Freundlich, Redlich-Peterson, and Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm models. Adsorption kinetics experiments were carried out not only in single systems but also in binary systems where both ions were at equal initial concentrations for competitive adsorption studies. To predict the behaviors of the competitive and non-competitive adsorption process of ions onto hydrogels, the experimental adsorption data were analyzed by the pseudo-first-order model and the pseudo-second-order model. According to non-competitive ion removal findings, the adsorption capacities followed order Cu(II) > Pb(II) for all hydrogels, and the pseudo-second-order kinetic model explained the adsorption properties of the hydrogels. Competitive ion removal studies showed that all hydrogels were selective to Cu(II) ion. Furthermore, in the case of comparative investigations both of competitive Cu(II) and competitive Pb(II) removal by hydrogels, the metal ion removal capacity of N10 hydrogel was found as a bit higher than that of N7.5 and N5 in 48 h. That is, as the acidic group content increased in the hydrogel network, the adsorption capacity values also increased. In addition, the reusability of temperature-sensitive hydrogels seems possible without regeneration or after regenerating with acid, in case the temperature is increased above the LCST. Furthermore, even if it cannot be reused, these hydrogels that retain metal ions reach very small volumes by shrinking when the LSCT is exceeded, and thus they can be eliminated more easily than other conventional gels due to their small size. As a result, this temperature-sensitive hydrogel may propose as an alternative environmentally friendly adsorbent candidate for can be used for water purification and wastewater treatment.
A novel fluorinated monomer: Synthesis, characterization and ATRP of 5,6,7,8-tetrafluoronaphthalen-1-yl acrylate
(Elsevier Science Sa, 2021) Erdoğan, Musa; Özkınalı, Sevil; Mert Balaban, Hümeyra
A new fluorinated naphthyl-acrylate based monomer was synthesized in three steps, namely the addition reaction of furan via Diels Alder cycloaddition reaction, acid catalyzed aromatization reaction and Schotten-Baumann esterification reaction, respectively. The structure of the precursors and the target compound was characterized comprehensively by FT-IR, UV-vis, H-1 NMR, C-13 NMR, F-19 NMR and LC-MS/MS measurements. Atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) was used for the polymerization of 5,6,7,8-tetrafluomnaphthalen-1-yl acrylate. The successful polymerization of this novel monomer was verified by FT-IR and GPC analyses. Particularly, DSC and TGA analyses showed that the poly(5,6,7,8-tetrafluoronaphthalen-1-yl acrylate) has a glass transition temperature of 105-110 degrees C and starts to degrade after 150 degrees C. The results showed that the proposed monomer can be synthesized in yields overpassing 80 % by using the aforementioned reaction sequence. Our results revealed that 5,6,7,8-tetrafluom naphthalen-1-yl acrylate could be acceptable as a promising monomer candidate in the field of synthetic polymer chemistry.
Grand canonical Monte Carlo simulations of methane adsorption in fullerene pillared graphene nanocomposites
(Elsevier Science Inc, 2021) Baykasoğlu, Cengiz; Mert Balaban, Hümeyra; Deniz, Celal Utku
The objective of this study is to investigate the methane adsorption performance of fullerene pillared graphene nanocomposites (FPGNs) with adjustable micro and meso porous morphology and high surface/weight ratios. Different types of fullerenes are considered as pillar units to adjust the porosity of FPGNs. The gravimetric, volumetric and deliverable methane storage capacities of FPGNs are examined using grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) simulations. The lithium doping strategy is also employed to further improve the methane adsorption performance of FPGNs. GCMC simulations revealed that FPGNs have promising potential for methane storage applications with the appropriate selection of design parameters. In particular, the simulation results demonstrated that the gravimetric absolute methane uptake of FPGNs could reach 12.5 mmol/g at 298 K and 40 bars and, this value could be increased up to 19.7 mmol/g with appropriate doping ratio under the same conditions. (c) 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Prediction of barite recovery and grade by multiple linear regression (MLR) analysis in concentrating of barite tailings by using multi-gravity separator (MGS)
(Taylor & Francis Inc, 2021) Deniz, Vedat
Multi-gravity separator (MGS) is a very effective separator for very fine-sized minerals. In this study, for the first time in the literature, the concentrability of a typical barite plant fines (tailing) was investigated by using anMGS. For this purpose, the effects of different operating parameters such as the solids ratio of feed pulp, the rotational drum speed, the wash water flow rate, and the tilt angle were studied in detail. Additionally, multiple linear regression (MLR) analyses were performed to understand the effect of operating parameters on the separator (MGS) performance for barite tailings, and the equations were developed to predict the recovery and the grade of barite concentrate fraction. As a result of experiments, a barite concentrate from the barite tailing containing 38.40% BaSO(4)was obtained with 92.55% BaSO(4)grade and a total barite recovery of 78.41%.MLRstudies also showed that there were good correlations between the experimental results and predicted values (R(2)values of 0.928 and 0.853 for the recovery and grade of barite concentrate, respectively). Based on the results obtained from this study, it can be concluded that while the solids ratio of feed pulp showed an important effect on the BaSO(4)grade, the tilt angle had an effect on the recovery of the barite concentrate.
Li-doped fullerene pillared graphene nanocomposites for enhancing hydrogen storage: A computational study
(Elsevier, 2021) Deniz, Celal Utku; Mert Balaban, Hümeyra; Baykasoğlu, Cengiz
Hydrogen physisorption in lithium doped fullerene pillared graphene nanocomposites (Li-FPGNs) having tunable pore structures were examined under different temperature and pressure conditions via grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) simulations. Different forms of fullerenes and Li doping ratios, which have considerable effects on the pore structures and surface properties of FPGNs, were considered to optimize the gravimetric, volumetric and deliverable hydrogen adsorption performances of FPGNs. The GCMC simulations confirmed that the hydrogen adsorption performances of undoped FPGNs could be significantly enhanced with the appropriate selection of the doping ratio and types of fullerenes especially at ambient temperature or low-pressure conditions. Particularly, the GCMC simulations showed that the total gravimetric adsorption capacity of Li-FPGNs with doping ratio of Li:C = 15:100 could reach 9.1 wt% at 77 K and 1 bar, which corresponds to about two times increment in the hydrogen storage performance of undoped FPGNs. Moreover, the GCMC simulations demonstrated that Li doping could enhance the excess hydrogen storage capacity of FPGNs up to three times at ambient temperature. These results revealed that Li-FPGNs are promising candidates in the field of hydrogen storage.
A novel multilayer hydrogel wound dressing for antibiotic release
(Elsevier, 2020) Tamahkar, Emel; Özkahraman, Bengi; Kılıç Süloğlu, Aysun; İdil, Neslihan; Perçin, Işık
In this study, the novel multilayer (ML) hydrogels were developed as antibacterial wound dressings. ML hydrogels were prepared as four layers using carboxylated polyvinyl alcohol (PVA-C), gelatin (G), hyaluronic acid (HA) and gelatin respectively. The upper layers (PVA-C and G) provide the moist control and physical barrier for microorganisms. The HA based middle layer was designed as an antibiotic-loaded layer. The lower layer serves as the controlling membrane for antibiotic release and provides the removal of excess exudate from the wound site. The ML hydrogels were characterized with FT-IR, SEM, DSC, swelling tests and hydrolytic degradation tests. Cell viability assay was also performed in L929 fibroblast cells in vitro. The in-vitro drug release profile of ML hydrogels was investigated at pH 7.4 at 37 degrees C and it was found that 63% of the antibiotic was released after 7 days.
The Evaluation Potential as Micronized Calcite of White Marble Waste
(Polish Mineral Eng Soc, 2020) Deniz, Vedat; Polat, Ercan
Natural calcium carbonates have a great importance in the world's economy due to their numerous applications areas such as calcium carbonate in the paper and paint industries. The final calcite products have rigorous quality specifications which are currently difficult to meet for local producers in Turkey. Therefore, large quantities of high white marble wastes have been transported long distances inside the country to supply the different industrial plants for using calcite. Marble wastes, located in Afyon and Kutahya regions, Turkey's mid-west, are used generally for concrete and highway purposes. Evaluations of marble wastes are very important for the economic development of any country or region. This study aims at developing new perspective for evaluation of marble wastes as domestic calcite resources and serves as a guide for investment and decision making for the Turkey calcite industry. This paper presents applied research work to determining the product quality for evaluation as micronized calcite of marble wastes and gives an overview of the market situation for the regional producers. The aim of the work is to characterize four different marble wastes and to determine the potential for production of the required quality for the Turkey calcite market;- to control the quality of the products by application tests, including the measurement some tests.
Application of multiple linear regression (MLR) analysis for concentration of chromite tailings by the flotation
(Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wroclawskiej, 2020) Deniz, Vedat
In this study, the concentration of chromite minerals by amine flotation of a chromite tailing (slime) with content 23.84% Cr2O3 from Yesilova-Burdur (Turkey) was investigated. In experimental studies, firstly, some operating parameters of the rougher flotation observed for a low-grade chromite tailing were investigated. Secondly, multiple linear regression (MLR) analyses were performed to determine the effects of some operating parameters on the performance of the rougher amine flotation. From the experimental results, multiple linear regression equations were developed to predict the recovery and grade of the chromite concentrate, and the regression coefficients between experimental and predicted values were found to be quite good (R-2 values of 0.772 and 0.917, respectively). Additionally, it was found that the conditioning time and low pH value using H2SO4 showed an important effect on the recovery and the grade of the chromite concentrate.
Monte Carlo simulations of hydrogen adsorption in fullerene pillared graphene nanocomposites
(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2020) Mert Balaban, Hümeyra; Deniz, Celal Utku; Baykasoğlu, Cengiz
The objective of this study is to investigate the hydrogen storage performances of three-dimensional periodic fullerene pillared graphene nanocomposites (FPGNs) consisting of covalently bonded fullerene units between graphene layers. Different forms of fullerenes were used as pillars to adjust porosity and enhance the hydrogen storage capacities of the proposed structures. The gravimetric and volumetric hydrogen uptakes of FPGNs were investigated via grand canonical Monte Carlo calculations under both low- and high -pressure (i.e. 0.01-100 bars) and different thermal (i.e. 77 and 298 K) loading conditions. The simulation results showed that a considerable enhancement in hydrogen adsorption performance could be achieved with the appropriate selection of fullerene size and loading conditions. The simulation results revealed that the FPGNs could uptake 10.3 wt.% hydrogen at 77 K. In addition, the deliverable hydrogen storage capacity of FPGNs could overpass 7.8 wt.% for the charge at 77 K, 100 bar and discharge at 160 K, 5 bar conditions which emphasises the potential of the proposed structures as future ultra-lightweight hydrogen storage media.

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