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Comments on the relationship between microRNA-155-5p and postoperative inflammatory markers in children with acute suppurative appendicitis, and its role in predicting postoperative complications
(TURKISH J PEDIATRICS, 2025) Coşkun, Nurcan
Dear Editor, I read with interest the study by Dr. Duan et al.1 titled “The relationship between microRNA-155-5p and postoperative inflammatory markers in children with acute suppurative appendicitis and its role in predicting postoperative complications” published in The Turkish Journal of Pediatrics.
A scoping review of the health effects of fermented foods in specific human populations and their potential role in precision nutrition: current knowledge and gaps
(FRONTIERS MEDIA SA, 2025) Humblot, Christele; Alvanoudi, Panagiota; Alves, Emilia; Assuncao, Ricardo; Belovic, Miona; Bulmuş Tüccar, Tuğçe; Karagöz, Mustafa Fevzi
Background: Diets and specific foods have a significant impact on health, and individual responses to nutritional factors vary. This variability among humans can be considered a basis for developing personalized or precision nutrition. Fermented foods (FF) contain a wide range of macro- and micronutrients, bioactive compounds, and live or dead microorganisms. FF represent a diverse range of products and have garnered significant interest due to their potential health benefits. However, consistent evidence remains limited, possibly due to heterogeneity in individual responses. Objectives: The objective of this review is to assess and compile existing evidence on the variable responses of populations to FF and to determine whether FF could be integrated into a precision nutrition strategy. Design: Interventional and observational human studies were systematically collected. The publication identified the main factors likely to contribute to variable responses to FF across all health outcomes. The question was systematically addressed to assess the available evidence and identify knowledge gaps, guiding future research. A pragmatic approach was employed, following EFSA health claim guidelines, which require an assessment of food characteristics and mechanisms of action, as well as conducting a systematic search of human interventional studies. A similar approach was used to analyze data extracted from observational studies. The population included all humans (healthy and non-healthy, of all ages), encompassing both observational and interventional studies. The intervention consisted of the ingestion of any FF, while the control was defined as the absence or lower consumption of FF or consumption of a corresponding non-FF. Outcomes included all markers of the population's health status. Results: The main factors contributing to variable responses to FF across all health outcomes were related to initial phenotypic characteristics (biological sex, geographical origin, hormonal status, and age), baseline health status [metabolic syndrome [MetS], chronic metabolic pathologies, cancer, and psychological disorders], and genetic background. Additionally, since the gut microbiota is person-specific and influences metabolic responses, particular attention was paid to its functions and role in the variability of population responses to FF. Conclusion: Collectively, this review represents a first step toward evaluating the feasibility of using FF in tailored nutritional strategies. Systematic review registration: https://osf.io/69d3f/overview.
Long-Term Cardiac Outcomes Following Renal Denervation: A Need for Imaging-Based Evidence
(WILEY, 2025) Çelik, Muhammet Cihat; Çelik, Ömer Burak; Kalçık, Macit
Dear Editor, We read with interest the article by Sesa-Ashton et al., which examined electrocardiographic changes in left ventricular mass index (LVMI) and atrial fibrillation (AF) incidence over more than 8 years of follow-up after renal denervation (RDN) [1].
Methodological Considerations in Blood Pressure Variability Assessment for Branch Atheromatous Disease
(WILEY, 2025) Aker, Mücahit; Kalçık, Macit; Bekar, Lütfü
Dear Editor, The recent multicenter study examining the relationship between systolic blood pressure variability (BPV) and 90-day functional outcomes in branch atheromatous disease (BAD) provides valuable data on a clinically challenging stroke subtype [1].
Real-world outcomes and prognostic factors in primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma: a multicenter study of 157 patients
(SPRINGER, 2025) Küçükyurt, Selin; Koca, Oğuzhan; Demirsoy, Esra Terzi; Akın, Serkan; Doğan, Ali; Yıldız, Abdülkerim
Primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma (PMBCL) is a rare and distinct subtype of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. No consensus exists on optimal frontline treatment, and the use of R-CHOP +/- radiotherapy (RT) and DA-EPOCH-R +/- RT remains common, yet comparative real-world data are limited. In our multicenter retrospective study, we analyzed PMBCL patients, stratified by the first-line therapy (R-CHOP-21 +/- RT or DA-EPOCH-R +/- RT). Primary outcomes were complete response (CR) rate, progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS), alongside assessment of treatment-related toxicities and prognostic factors for PFS and OS. We included 157 patients [R-CHOP +/- RT group (n = 80) and DA-EPOCH-R +/- RT group (n = 77)] with a median age of 31 years, of whom 68.2% were female. CR rates were similar for R-CHOP +/- RT (75%) and DA-EPOCH-R +/- RT (76.6%). RT use was higher in the R-CHOP group (41.2% vs. 19.5%, p = 0.002). DA-EPOCH-R had significantly higher toxicity (29.9% vs. 16.2%, p = 0.033). The median follow-up of the entire cohort was 29 months with 2-year PFS and OS rates of 73.9% and 83.6%, respectively. Also, PFS and OS did not differ between regimens. In patients achieving CR with R-CHOP, RT omission did not impact survival. Multivariate analysis identified older age, poor performance status, superior vena cava syndrome and splenic involvement as independent OS predictors, while pericardial effusion, splenic involvement and hemoglobin < 10.5 g/dL were linked to inferior PFS. R-CHOP-21 +/- RT and DA-EPOCH-R +/- RT provide comparable efficacy in PMBCL. Due to the higher toxicity of DA-EPOCH-R, for those achieving CR following R-CHOP, selective RT omission may be a reasonable alternative. Established and disease-specific prognostic factors should guide individualized treatment strategies.
Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on CLABSI Rates and Antibiotic Resistance: A Multicenter Study in Türkiye
(DOC DESIGN INFORMATICS CO LTD, 2025) Sargın Altınok, Elif; Keşke, Şiran; Batırel, Ayşe; Bilgin, Hüseyin; Akdoğan, Özlem
Objective: The COVID-19 pandemic significantly disrupted infection control practices in healthcare settings. Previous studies have reported increased rates of central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSI), particularly during the early stages and peak periods of the pandemic. This multicenter study aimed to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on CLABSI rates in T & uuml;rkiye over a four-year period from 2019 to 2022. Materials and Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected CLABSI data from hospitals across various regions of T & uuml;rkiye between 2019 and 2022. The study period was divided into three phases: pre-pandemic, early pandemic, and late pandemic. Demographic and clinical characteristics, mortality rates, and microbiological data were analyzed. Pathogen distribution and antibiotic resistance patterns were compared between the pre-pandemic and pandemic periods. Results: A total of 25 hospitals participated in the study. The CLABSI rates per 1000 catheter days were 4.26 in 2019, 4.13 in 2020, 3.68 in 2021, and 3.53 in 2022. Across all periods, 3238 pathogens were identified. Gram-negative bacteria predominated both before and during the pandemic, with Acinetobacter baumannii (18.6%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (17.8%) being the most common. Notably, an increase in carbapenem and colistin resistance in K. pneumonia was observed during the pandemic compared to the pre-pandemic period. Conclusions: In T & uuml;rkiye, the predominant causative agents of CLABSI did not change during the pandemic, with Klebsiella spp. and A. baumannii being most frequently isolated. However, the rise in CLABSI-associated mortality during the pandemic highlights the broader impact of healthcare system disruptions.
Assisting the Diagnosis of Cirrhosis in Chronic Hepatitis C Patients Based on Machine Learning Algorithms: A Novel Non-Invasive Approach
(WILEY, 2025) Dirican, Emre; Bal, Tayibe; Önlen, Yusuf; Sarıgül, Figen; Baykam, Nurcan
Aim: This study aimed to determine the important features and cut-off values after demonstrating the detectability of cirrhosis using routine laboratory test results of chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients in machine learning (ML) algorithms. Methods: This retrospective multicenter (37 referral centers) study included the data obtained from the Hepatitis C Turkey registry of 1164 patients with biopsy-proven CHC. Three different ML algorithms were used to classify the presence/absence of cirrhosis with the determined features. Results: The highest performance in the prediction of cirrhosis (Accuracy = 0.89, AUC = 0.87) was obtained from the Random Forest (RF) method. The five most important features that contributed to the classification were platelet, alpha lpha-feto protein (AFP), age, gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), and prothrombin time (PT). The cut-off values of these features were obtained as platelet < 182.000/mm3, AFP > 5.49 ng/mL, age > 52 years, GGT > 39.9 U/L, and PT > 12.35 s. Using cut-off values, the risk coefficients were AOR = 4.82 for platelet, AOR = 3.49 for AFP, AOR = 4.32 for age, AOR = 3.04 for GGT, and AOR = 2.20 for PT. Conclusion: These findings indicated that the RF-based ML algorithm could classify cirrhosis with high accuracy. Thus, crucial features and cut-off values for physicians in the detection of cirrhosis were determined. In addition, although AFP is not included in non-invasive indexes, it had a remarkable contribution in predicting cirrhosis. Trial Registration: Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT03145844
Renal Function and Atrial Remodeling: Interpreting Voltage-Mapping Limitations
(WILEY, 2025) Aker, Mücahit; Kalçık, Macit; Bekar, Lütfü
To the Editor, We read with interest the recent article by Deng et al., hichexplored the association between renal function and left atriallow-voltage area (LVA) burden in patients with atrial fibrillation(Deng et al. 2025).
Critical Appraisal of Circadian Blood Pressure Patterns as Predictors of Mortality in the Intensive Care Setting
(WILEY, 2025) Kalçık, Macit; Bayam, Emrah
To the Editor, We have recently, with great interest, read the recent article byZhao et al., “Association of 24-h Blood Pressure Pattern withMortality in ICU Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study” [1].
Integrating Sleep Disruption, Dietary Changes, and Therapy in Assessing the Effects of Ramadan Fasting on Blood Pressure
(WILEY, 2025) Yetim, Mücahit; Sarıhan, Abdullah; Kalçık, Macit
Impact of an 8-week high-intensity bodyweight interval training on body composition and blood lipid metabolism in young women with overweight
(FRONTIERS MEDIA SA, 2025) Yamaner, Emre; Turgut, Tuna; Aksoy, Ayşe; Demirkıran, Burhan; Çamiçi, Furkan; Ceylan, Levent
Background A physically inactive lifestyle is associated with an increased risk of obesity, dyslipidemia and metabolic disorders, especially in women. While high-intensity training methods have been extensively studied in male populations, the physiological and metabolic effects of high-intensity interval resistance training (HIIRT) in overweight women are understudied. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of an 8-week HIIRT program on body composition and lipid metabolism in women.Methods A total of 30 women (mean age: 23.13 +/- 4.03 years, mean BMI: 31.21 +/- 2.92 kg/m2) participated in an 8-week HIIRT program. Body composition was measured before and after the intervention using bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), while blood lipid parameters (triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL, and HDL) were analyzed. Paired-sample t-tests were performed to determine the significance of the changes in body composition and lipid metabolism, using Cohen's d effect size for interpretation.Results The HIIRT program led to significant improvements in body composition, with body weight decreasing by 11.4 kg (p = 0.001, d = 0.96) and fat percentage decreasing by 3.1% (p = 0.001, d = 0.92). In addition, blood lipid profiles improved significantly, with triglycerides (-8.9 mg/dL, p = 0.001, d = 0.81, medium effect), total cholesterol (-19.7 mg/dL, p = 0,020, d = 1.98, large effect), and LDL (-8.2 mg/dL, p = 0.004, d = 1.96, large effect) decreased, while HDL increased by +10 mg/dL (p = 0.006, d >= 2.0, very large effect). These results underline the positive effects of HIIRT on lipid metabolism and cardiovascular health.Conclusion The results suggest that HIIRT is an effective and time-efficient training model for improving body composition and metabolic health in women. The combination of high-intensity interval training principles with resistance exercise optimizes fat oxidation, improves fat metabolism and supports cardiovascular function. Given its efficacy, HIIRT could be a valuable strategy for treating metabolic disorders and reducing the risks of physically inactive behavior. Future research should focus on long-term adaptations and individual variability in metabolic responses to optimize HIIRT programs for broader populations.
A systematic review on the health effects of fermented wheat germ extract with emphasis on cancer
(FRONTIERS MEDIA SA, 2025) Berkel Kaşıkçı, Müzeyyen ; Issa, Alina; Bağlam, Nurcan; Dinçer, Emine; Güzel, Mustafa
Fermented wheat germ extract (FWGE) is one of the few fermented food products listed in the EFSA novel food Catalogue. It is derived from wheat germ, a by-product of wheat processing, through fermentation with Sacchoromyces cerevisiae. The most widely studied and patented form of FWGE is marketed as Avemar (also referred to as MSC), standardized to contain methoxy-substituted benzoquinones. Given its predominant use in research, this systematic narrative review focused primarily on FWGE use within the medical application. The objective of this review was to systematically evaluate the functionality and potential health benefits of FWGE, following the Study Protocol-S8 developed under COST Action CA20128 - PIMENTO and registered on the Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/fq53j/). A systematic literature search of human studies was conducted through PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Library. Studies involving adult participants who received FWGE interventions were included, with primary clinical endpoints selected according to the main indications for FWGE. Additional outcomes were reported when available. Out of the 51 records identified by the literature search, six studies met the inclusion criteria. Data from these studies were extracted and synthesized in summary tables. Supplementary information on the functionality of FWGE was retrieved through a non-systematic search of animal and in vitro studies. Furthermore, this review highlights the potential bioactive constituents of FWGE, particularly benzoquinones, peptides, and phenolic compounds, as mediators of its anticancer and anti-inflammatory properties. Among its proposed mechanisms, FWGE may suppress cancer cell proliferation by disrupting the glucose-related metabolic pathways. While the findings suggest that FWGE may possess therapeutic potential, especially in oncology, the strength of evidence remains limited. Of the six included human studies, only four employed proper control groups and only two demonstrated high methodological quality. As such, the current evidence base is insufficient to draw definitive conclusions, and well-designed clinical trials are needed to strengthen this evidence. Moreover, future research should also explore the development of novel FWGE formulations with enhanced bioactive profiles, optimized by modulating fermentation conditions, including such as microbial strain, pH, temperature, and duration.
Isokinetic Knee Strength as a Predictor of Performance in Elite Ski Mountaineering Sprint Athletes
(MDPI, 2025) Kural, Burak; Çağlar, Esin Çağla; Uçar, Mine Akkuş; Özer, Uğur; Ceylan, Levent
Background and Objectives: This study aims to investigate the relationship between isokinetic knee strength and competition performance in elite male ski mountaineering sprint athletes and to identify strength parameters that predict performance and contribute to injury prevention. Materials and Methods: Thirteen male athletes participating in the Ski Mountaineering Turkey Cup final stage were included. Isokinetic knee flexion (FLX) and extension (EXT) strength of dominant (DM) and non-dominant (NDM) legs were measured at angular velocities of 60 degrees/s and 180 degrees/s using the DIERS-Myolin Isometric Muscle Strength Analysis System. Competition performance was evaluated using the ISMF scoring system. Data were analyzed using SPSS 26.0 with Pearson correlation and multiple regression analyses after normality, linearity, and homoscedasticity checks. Results: Strong positive correlations were found between hamstring strength at high angular velocities (180 degrees/s) and performance (DM FLX: r = 0.809; NDM FLX: r = 0.880). Extension strength showed moderate correlations at low velocities (60 degrees/s) (DM EXT: r = 0.677; NDM EXT: r = 0.699). Regression analysis revealed that DM FLX at 180 degrees/s and DM EXT at 60 degrees/s explained 49% of performance variance (Adj. R2 = 0.498). For NDM legs, only 180 degrees/s FLX was a significant predictor (beta = 1.468). Conclusions: High-velocity hamstring strength plays a critical role in ski mountaineering sprint performance, particularly during sudden directional changes and dynamic balance. Quadriceps strength at low velocities contributes to prolonged climbing phases. Moreover, identifying and addressing bilateral strength asymmetries may support injury prevention strategies in elite ski mountaineering athletes. These findings provide scientific support for designing training programs targeting explosive hamstring strength, bilateral symmetry, and injury risk reduction, essential for optimizing performance in the 2026 Winter Olympics sprint discipline.
Evaluation of Systemic Embolism in Patients with Prosthetic Valve Endocarditis: Key Insights and Implications
(KARE PUBL, 2025) Kalkan, Semih; Güner, Ahmet; Gürsoy, Mustafa Ozan; Kalçık, Macit; Yesin, Mahmut; Bayam, Emrah; Gündüz, Sabahattin; Özkan, Mehmet
Objective: Prosthetic valve endocarditis (PVE) is a serious complication following heart valve surgery, presenting considerable diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Despite advances in treatment, systemic embolism remains a major adverse event associated with poor outcomes. This study aimed to identify predictors of in-hospital systemic embolism in patients with PVE and to evaluate treatment outcomes. Method: This retrospective, single-center study included 96 patients diagnosed with mechanical PVE between 2012 and 2024. Diagnoses were established based on the modified Duke criteria. Data on demographics, comorbidities, clinical presentation, imaging findings, and treatment strategies were collected and analyzed. Multivariate logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis were employed to identify risk factors. Results: The study cohort had a median age of 52.4 years (range 22-82). Systemic embolic events occurred in 39 patients (40.6%), with stroke being the most common manifestation (26%). Multivariate analysis identified vegetation size as the only independent predictor of systemic embolism (odds ratio [OR]: 2.34, P = 0.037). ROC analysis determined a vegetation size threshold of 2 cm2, with 66% sensitivity and 78% specificity. Elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and a prior history of stroke were also associated with increased embolic risk. Among 31 patients who underwent surgery, early intervention did not significantly reduce embolism rates compared to delayed surgery. Successfultreatment was associated with a lower risk of embolism (P = 0.045). Conclusion: Larger vegetations, elevated ESR, and a prior history of stroke are key risk factors for systemic embolism in PVE. Early identification of high-risk patients and implementation of individualized management strategies are essential to improve clinical outcomes. Further multicenter studies are warranted to refine treatment protocols.
Inspiratory muscle training in natural bodybuilders: adaptations in diaphragm muscle thickness and maximal strength
(FRONTIERS MEDIA SA, 2025) Güler, İskender; Yılmaz, Coşkun; Soylu, Hakan Hüseyin; Ceylan, Levent
Background: The effect of inspiratory muscle training on diaphragm muscle thickness (DT) and one repetition maximal (1RM) in professional natural bodybuilders is still unclear. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of inspiratory muscle training on diaphragm muscle thickness and 1RM in professional natural bodybuilders. Methods: The study comprised a total of 22 athletes who participated in bodybuilding competitions. Each athlete had undergone a minimum of 5 years of training, with a minimum weekly commitment of 5 hours. Participants were randomly divided into two groups: inspiratory muscle training (IMT) and control (CON). The CON continued their normal training regime, while the IMT group also performed inspiratory muscle training with a 10% weekly increase by setting the resistance setting of the PowerBreathe (R) Classic device to 40% of the participant's maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP). Prior to and during the 4-week training period, 1RM bench press measurements and diaphragm muscle thickness measurements were obtained. Results: In the comparison of 1RM power values before and after training, it was determined that the IMT group (%: 11.20) had 6.3% more post-activation performance enhancement compared to the CON group (%: 4.9) (p < 0.001). In the study, it was determined that a higher level of significant post-activation performance enhancement was obtained in the IMT group compared to the CON group in the diaphragm muscle thickness inspiratory phase (DT ins) and ekspiratory phase (DT eks) parameters at 20.36% and 19.46%, respectively. Conclusion: In conclusion, we determined that the addition of progressive loading inspiratory muscle training to preparation programmes in natural bodybuilders will improve diaphragm muscle thickness, 1RM physical performance. In particular, it shows that the diaphragm muscle should be considered not only as a muscle that supports respiration, but also as a muscle that contributes to power generation by optimising intra-abdominal pressure.
Rye (Secale cereale L.) revisited-nutritional composition, functional benefits, and role in sustainable diets
(FRONTIERS MEDIA SA, 2025) Zadeike, Daiva; Copperstone, Claire; Aleksandrova, Olha; Özalp Ünal, Derya ; Güzel, Mustafa
Rye (Secale cereale L.) is increasingly recognized as a sustainable cereal with significant nutritional, ecological, and economic potential. While previous studies have highlighted its dietary fiber (DF), bioactive compounds, and associated health benefits, this review provides an updated synthesis that integrates recent findings on rye's role in human health, food security, and sustainability. In particular, it emphasizes novel evidence on rye's functional properties, its potential contributions to plant-based dietary strategies, and its economic and social relevance. By consolidating current knowledge and outlining future directions for product development and dietary innovation, this work offers a fresh perspective that extends beyond earlier 0 reviews focused on rye.
Maximizing performance in child footballers: chronotype and time of day study
(FRONTIERS MEDIA SA, 2025) Kaba, İlknur; Çelikel, Baha Engin; Adanur, Oğuzhan; Yılmaz, Coşkun; Sezer, Süreyya Yonca; Tan, Çetin; Ayyıldız Durhan, Tebessüm ; Özer, Uğur; Ceylan, Tülay
Background A limited number of studies have investigated the effects of circadian rhythm-based running exercise interventions on physical fitness in child athletes. This study aimed to investigate the effects of an eight-week morning and evening running program on lower extremity strength, agility and respiratory function in 10-12-year-old male footballers.Methods Participants visited the laboratory three times, with one-day intervals before and after the training program. The assessments included maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP), maximal expiratory pressure (MEP), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), and the FEV1/FVC ratio. Additionally, agility and functional performance tests (FPTs) were conducted for both the dominant and non-dominant legs.Results The findings indicated that morning running was more effective than evening running in enhancing respiratory function. Morning running also showed superior results in lower extremity strength tests, particularly in the single-leg (SL) and triple-leg (THD) crossover hop for distance tests (CHDs) and the 6-m timed-hop test (6 m THT). Furthermore, the agility performance of the morning running group was significantly better than that of the evening and control groups.Conclusion Consequently, morning running interventions had a positive impact on key physical fitness parameters, including respiratory muscle strength, respiratory function, agility, and lower extremity strength in child footballers.
Treatment and Follow-up of Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia Due to 21-hydroxylase Deficiency in Childhood and Adolescence
(GALENOS PUBL HOUSE, 2025) Peltek Kendirci, Havva Nur ; Ünal, Edip; Dündar, İsmail; Buluş, Ayşe Derya; Odabaşı Güneş, Sevinç ; Sıklar, Zeynep
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is an autosomal recessive disease caused by the deficiency of one of the enzymes involved in cortisol synthesis. More than 95% of the cases occur as a result of defects in the gene encoding 21-hydroxylase (CYP21A2). 21-hydroxylase deficiency has been divided into classical and non-classical forms. In the treatment of classical CAH, it is necessary to replace both glucocorticoid (GC) and mineralocorticoid hormones to prevent salt wasting crisis and reduce excessive corticotropin. In addition to biochemical measurements to evaluate the adequacy of GC and mineralocorticoid treatment; growth rate, body weight, blood pressure and physical examination should be evaluated regularly. There is insufficient data regarding the use of continuous slow-release or modified-release hydrocortisone (HC) preparations and continuous subcutaneous HC infusion, additional/alternative treatment approaches, and cell-based therapies and gene editing technology in children with CAH. GC therapy is recommended in children with inappropriately early onset and rapidly progressing pubarche or accelerated bone age progression, and in adolescents with non-classical CAH (NCCAH) who have overt virilization. In patients with NCCAH, stress doses of HC is recommended for major surgery, trauma, or childbirth but only if the patient has a suboptimal cortisol response to the adrenocorticotropic hormone test. Here, members of the 'Adrenal Working Group' of 'The Turkish Society for Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes' present an evidence-based review with good practice points and recommendations for optimize treatment, and follow-up of children with CAH due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency in the light of the most recent evidence.
Effect of Inspiratory Muscle Training on Diaphragm and Abdominal Wall Muscle Thickness with Fatty Liver Density in Elderly Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial
(MDPI, 2025) Gökçelik, Eda; Yılmaz, Coşkun; Budak, Cemalettin; Soylu, Hakan Hüseyin; Bayrakdaroğlu, Serdar; Ceylan, Halil İbrahim; Muntean, Raul Ioan; Küçük, Hamza; Ceylan, Levent
Background and Objectives: Post-menopausal estrogen decline is considered a contributing factor to sarcopenia, and inspiratory muscle training (IMT) may provide benefits in this demographic. This study examined the impact of a four-week IMT program on diaphragm thickness, abdominal wall muscle thickness (AWMT; transversus abdominis, internal oblique, and external oblique), and liver fat percentage in healthy elderly women. Materials and Methods: Twenty-six women aged 60-80 years were randomly assigned to an IMT group (n = 13) or a control group (n = 13). The IMT group used the PowerBreathe (R) Classic device at 40% of maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP), with weekly increments of 10%. Training was performed twice daily, five days per week, with 30 breathing cycles per session (60 per day). The control group maintained their usual routines. AWMT, diaphragm thickness (DT), and fatty liver density (FLD) were measured by a radiologist before and after the intervention. Results: After four weeks, the IMT group showed significant improvements in all parameters compared to controls. Mid-diaphragm thickness (MDT) increased by 11.44% (effect size (ES) = 0.358, p < 0.001) versus 0.76% in controls (p = 0.271). Posterior diaphragm thickness (PDT) improved by 7.48% (ES = 0.282, p < 0.001) versus 0.38% (p = 0.564). Right AWMT increased by 12.7% (ES = 0.492, p < 0.001) compared to 0.10% (p = 0.872), and left AWMT increased by 9.93% (ES = 0.395, p < 0.001) versus 2.64% (p = 0.014). FLD improved by 11.79% (ES = 0.959, p < 0.001) in the IMT group, while the control group showed no meaningful change (-0.13%, p = 0.847). Conclusions: A short-term IMT protocol significantly enhanced diaphragm and AWMT and reduced liver fat in elderly women. These findings support the use of IMT as a simple, non-invasive intervention to preserve musculoskeletal and metabolic health in aging populations.
Assessing Dexmedetomidin's Efficacy in Traumatic Brain Injury Treatment Using a Rat Experimental Model
(TURKISH NEUROSURGICAL SOC, 2025) Öztürk, Yaşar; Bozkurt, İsmail; Mammadkhanli, Orkhan; Güvenç, Yahya; Şentürk, Salim; Güney, Güven; Ramírez, Manuel De Jesus Encarnación; Gülbahar, Özlem
AIM: To elucidate the effects of nasal and intraperitoneal dexmedetomidine (DexN and DexP, respectively) administration in an animal model, and to explore the underlying action mechanisms on the treatment of traumatic brain injury (TBI). MATERIAL and METHODS: A total of 31 Wistar albino rats served as a weight-drop model to induce experimental TBI. The two treatment groups received DexN and DexP on the day of the trauma and then after 5 days. The Garcia test was performed for the neurological evaluation along with histopathological and biochemical analyses. RESULTS: The rats in the treatment group displayed better neurological outcomes, as evidenced by a higher Garcia test score (p<0.001). DexP group presented with increased anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects in comparison to DexN (p<0.001). DexN group demonstrated a reduction in the neuron specific enolase (NSE) levels (p=0.023), indicating that it inhibited the neuronal destruction. CONCLUSION: The present study support the hypothesis that a psychoactive drug, Dex, which has been conventionally used for sleep disorders and is also known for its cognitive-enhancing properties, may have beneficial effects after TBI owing to its antiinflammatory, anti-oxidative, and neuroprotective properties.

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