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Öğe Hizmet kalitesi algı düzeyi ve marka değeri ilişkisinde kurumsal marka imajının aracılık etkisinin belirlenmesi: PTT kurumuna yönelik bir saha araştırması(Hitit Üniversitesi, 2025) Kavukçu, Merve; Yoldaş, Muhammed AsıfThe brand value of an institution directly affects not only the financial performance of the institution but also its sustainability, competitive power and image in the long term. In recent years, it has become important to increase the brand image and value by providing quality service by meeting the demands of the customers correctly. Corporate brand image, service quality and brand value feed each other in three different cycles. High service quality creates a positive corporate brand image, which increases the brand value. As the brand value increases, the company's reputation is strengthened and the opportunity to invest in service quality increases. If institutions can manage these three elements in a harmonious way, they achieve sustainable success. In this context, the purpose of the study is to investigate the mediating effect of the perceived corporate brand image between the service quality level and brand value of PTT (Postal and Telegraph Organization) Inc., which has a deep-rooted history of 184 years, a large number of branches and a wide range of services. In order to achieve the purpose of the study, a survey was conducted online on social media tools with 409 people using the snowball sampling method and the data was obtained. The data was transferred from Excel to the SPSS (22) program and the averages of the questions were taken. Validity and reliability analyses of the data were conducted in the Amos (24) program. Explanatory and confirmatory factor analysis were conducted to test the suitability of the research for the structural equation model path analysis. Three of the survey questions were removed from the analysis because their values were not consistent. First, a model was created between service quality and brand value based on Baron and Kenny's causal steps approach and path analysis was conducted. As a result of the analysis, H3: 'Service quality level has a positive effect on brand value' hypothesis was accepted. After the verified Model 1, the 2nd Model, which also included the mediation effect of the corporate brand image, was analyzed. As a result of the analysis, the goodness of fit values were good. H1: Service quality level has a positive effect on perceived corporate brand image. H2: Perceived corporate brand image has a positive effect on brand value. H4: Perceived corporate brand image has a mediation effect on the effect of service quality level on brand value. All hypotheses were accepted. In addition, the indirect, direct and total effects between service quality, corporate brand image and brand value variables were examined. Service quality directly affects the corporate brand image, and the corporate brand image directly affects the brand value. In the high value of the service quality level indirectly affecting the brand value, there is a mediating effect of the corporate brand image. The corporate brand image contributes positively to the two variables and a partial mediating effect is found. In line with all the analysis results, some suggestions were made to the PTT institution and researchers. It is assumed that significant contributions will be made to the literature by analyzing brand value, service quality and corporate brand image together.Öğe Uzaktan çalışma, insan enerjisi, yabancılaşma ve iş tatmini arasındaki ilişkilerin belirlenmesine yönelik bir çalışma(Hitit Üniversitesi, 2025) Ünver, Barış; Çağlar, İrfanOver the past five years, rapid changes have significantly transformed work life, making “remote work” a necessary practice for many institutions. Remote work models alone have helped save millions of lives worldwide. The aim of this study is to examine the effects of remote work practices on academics' human energy, alienation, and job satisfaction, as well as to explore the relationships among these variables. These factors were measured using Dean’s Alienation Scale, Atwater’s Human Energy Scale, and the Minnesota Job Satisfaction Scale. The study sample consists of 556 academics from 208 universities, including 78 private and 130 public institutions. Data were collected through a survey and analyzed using appropriate validity and reliability tests. Descriptive analyses were conducted using SPSS software. The results show that average levels of human energy differ depending on the work model. The highest energy levels were found in those working full-time in traditional settings, followed by those working fully remotely. The lowest energy levels were observed in hybrid workers. A significant positive relationship was found between human energy and job satisfaction, indicating that higher job satisfaction is associated with higher energy levels. In the concept of alienation, which is one of the productivity-reducing factors, a negative relationship was found between job satisfaction and alienation. As alienation increases, job satisfaction tends to decrease.Öğe İslam öncesi Hicaz ve çevresinde panayırlar(Hitit Üniversitesi, 2025) Adıgüzel, Osman; Azimli, MehmetThe Arabian Peninsula is divided into five regions, with Hejaz being the most important among them. The main cities of the Hejaz region are Mecca, Medina, and Ta'if. Due to Mecca's geography, which is not suitable for agriculture, the inhabitants relied mainly on trade for their livelihood. The city's trade remained closed until the time of Hashim ibn Abd Manaf. With an initiative led by Hashim and his brothers, trade in Hejaz, especially Mecca, opened outward. Trade agreements called ilaf made with neighboring tribes and regions were the main reason for this expansion. The fairs established in Hejaz contributed not only to commerce but also to the development of literary and religious life. In the Arabian Peninsula, 29 fairs were held across Yemen, Sham, Iraq, Bahrain, and Hejaz. Of these, thirteen—including Ukaz, Majanna, Zulmijaz, Hubasha, Hazwara, Kasib, Safasif, Muzahim, Bani Kainuka, Nabat, Zubala Badr, and Natat—were located in Hejaz and its surroundings, the focus of our study. Fairs were classified as temporary or seasonal based on their timing. Ukaz, Majanna, Zulmijaz, and Hubasha fairs were held only during the sacred months, while the others were generally open year-round. At these fairs, agricultural, industrial, and animal products as well as slaves were sold. Agricultural goods like barley, wheat, and flour, alongside olive oil mainly brought from the Sham region, were available. Among industrial products, processed leather was sold the most. Cosmetics such as musk, amber, and incense were also traded. Slaves and concubines from Yemen, Byzantium, and Abyssinia were sold at the fairs too. The fairs affected religious and literary life as well. Arabs worked hard to prevent security issues during fairs, solving these through religion. They established the sacred months during which warfare was forbidden and applied this as a religious rule. Another problem was the Hajj season constantly shifting to different times, coinciding with major fairs and harming trade. To prevent this, Arabs used the nesî practice to postpone some months and fix the Hajj season at a specific time. Besides religion, fairs positively influenced literary life. Poets eager to gain fame came to fairs to recite poems and sometimes competed with others. Poets with authority, like Nabiga, especially attended Ukaz, encouraging others to present their poetry. The Mu'allaqat, some of the finest poems recited at fairs, gained great fame. Fairs also helped introduce writing to Hejaz, especially to Mecca.Öğe Sürdürülebilirlik ve yeşil ekonomi faaliyetlerinin hisse senedi piyasa fiyatlarına etkisi: Avrupa ülkeleri ve Türkiye üzerine uygulama(Hitit Üniversitesi, 2025) Aykut, Muhammed Mert; Konak, FatihSustainability is the processes related to action plans to take the necessary measures to ensure that natural resources are not damaged or depleted during consumption and that they can serve not only current generations but also future generations. As such, sustainability involves more than action plans for the protection of nature. In addition to its environmental dimension, it also has economic and social dimensions. Sustainability should be designed in a way to ensure human structures, the natural environment and economic continuity. Awareness has been raised through many studies at the level of public and non-governmental organizations around the world that sustainability is a global solution. The most important actors in creating this awareness are international organizations, governments and businesses operating on a global scale. Especially problems such as ecological degradation and destruction of natural resources caused by business activities need to be solved urgently. In this study, the concept of sustainability, socio-ecological and green organizational culture approaches are discussed and the economic consequences of these approaches are evaluated. In today's world where environmental problems are increasing day by day, this thesis provides content on environmental, sociological and economic problems and their solutions. In the study, the data of the enterprises that are included in the 5 highest volume stock exchanges in Europe and Borsa Istanbul benchmark indices and prepare sustainability reports according to Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) standards are used. In the analysis conducted with the event study method, it is examined whether sustainability reports have an impact on stock prices in the short term by generating abnormal returns. In addition, the validity of the related results is verified by panel data analysis method by including macroeconomic factors such as index movements, stock closing prices, exchange rate movements, interest rates and inflation rates in the analysis. According to the results of the analysis, significant relationships between abnormal returns and market capitalization on an entity basis are rarely observed, and it is understood that there are differences in abnormal returns by country. The short-term abnormal returns at the date of the disclosure of sustainability reports differed across countries. Considering the CAAR (cumulative average abnormal return) ratios of companies in the German stock market, short-term abnormal returns were observed at the time of the disclosure of the reports and more than half of the companies included in this sample had a significant relationship between the stock and the report on an entity basis. It is concluded that sustainability reports do not have a significant impact on stock prices in the short term in the French, UK, Italian, Swiss and Turkish stock markets. Keywords: Sustainability, Event Study Analysis , Panel Data Analysis Science Code : 110304, 110602Öğe Enflasyon muhasebesinin TMS/TFRS, BOBİ FRS, MSUGT/VUK açısından karşılaştırmalı incelenmesi ve örnek uygulama(Hitit Üniversitesi, 2025) Başer, Burak; Akdoğan, HabibThe comparability and reliability of financial reports are essential for business management, shareholders, investors, and other financial statement users in making informed decisions. However, during periods of high inflation, financial statement figures may fail to reflect economic reality, leading to a loss of meaningful information, reduced reliability, and diminished comparability. Globally, as high inflation became a persistent issue in the 1980s, historical cost-based accounting principles no longer accurately represented businesses' financial positions, necessitating an approach to incorporate inflation effects into financial reports. This study provides a comparative analysis of inflation accounting regulations under MSUGT/VUK and the standards outlined in TAS 29 and LMSE FRS Section 25, 'Financial Reporting in Hyperinflationary Economies,' with an illustrative application for each framework. While TAS 29 and LMSE FRS Section 25 align in many aspects, MSUGT/VUK diverges in terms of objectives, scope, general price index, financial statements subject to restatement, borrowing costs, and comparative financial information. The results indicate that restating the statement of profit or loss under these standards positively impacts operating results, yet differences in the general price index (CPI) used for adjustments and the measurement of certain non-monetary items based on current valuation models (such as fair value and revaluation model) result in a lower restated total asset amount compared to the existing system.Öğe Sivil toplum kuruluşlarında başarılı model tartışması: Ahbap örneği(Hitit Üniversitesi, 2025) Demirtaş, Serkan; Bayramoğlu, GökbenNon-Governmental Organizations, which have been an inseparable part of social life under different names throughout history, have gained increasing importance under the influence of neoliberal policies since the 1980s. With this new economic-political paradigm, where the welfare state model has given way to the welfare mix approach, states have begun to cooperate with Non-Governmental Organizations in implementing social policies or to transfer these responsibilities to Non-Governmental Organizations. This transformation has led to significant changes in the roles and functions of Non-Governmental Organizations. Unlike profit-oriented organizations, the main purpose of Non-Governmental Organizations is not to make financial gains, but to fulfill their missions, provide social benefits and create social impact. Success criteria are evaluated based on abstract elements such as created social value, realization of the mission and ensuring social change and transformation, rather than measurable values such as financial performance. The aim of this study conducted on Non-Governmental Organizations is to determine the basic elements required to create an effective management and organization model in Non-Governmental Organizations. The field work of the research was carried out in cooperation with Ahbap Association. Qualitative research method and phenomenological research design were used as research methodology. Semi-structured interview technique was preferred as the data collection tool and the data obtained from the interviews conducted with 13 participants who were in contact with Ahbap Association were analyzed using MAXQDA 2020 software. Research findings show that the basic elements that determine the success of Non-Governmental Organizations can be gathered under three main categories. In the context of social impact; elements such as reliability, communication, social media, social marketing are of critical importance. In the context of leadership and human resources and volunteering; the identity of the leader, leadership style, competent human resources, volunteering and effective volunteer management were determined as prominent elements. In terms of strategic management and sustainability; It was determined that corporate governance concepts such as organizational mission, organizational culture, accountability and transparency reflecting the founding philosophy are important. In this context, the findings of the study reveal that taking these elements into account in the management processes of Non-Governmental Organizations is of critical importance in terms of increasing their social impact and creating a sustainable organizational model.Öğe Dinden uzaklaşmanın psiko-sosyal sebepleri(Hitit Üniversitesi, 2025) Sağlam, Ahmet Rifat; Cengil, MuammerThis thesis aims to examine the psychosocial factors influencing individuals' processes of distancing themselves from religion. Understanding the reasons that lead individuals to move away from religious beliefs, both at the societal and individual levels, is the main goal of this study. By investigating the role of religion and religious beliefs in individuals' lives, this research provides a comprehensive assessment of the personal, social, and psychological dimensions of distancing from religion. In this context, the study was conducted using qualitative research methods. The data for the research were obtained through in-depth interviews with a total of twenty participants who have experienced distancing from religion. The findings from these interviews were analyzed using the thematic analysis method. This approach enabled the identification of personal, psychological, and social factors contributing to individuals' detachment from religious beliefs, which were then examined in detail. The study's results reveal that distancing from religion is a multidimensional process influenced by a variety of psychosocial factors. These factors include superficial or rote religious education experienced during childhood and adolescence, the inconsistent behaviors of religious leaders, societal modernization and individualization processes, familial pressures, emotional traumas, and the inability of religion to provide satisfactory answers to existential questions. Furthermore, the coercive presentation of religious practices, the closed and judgmental nature of religious communities, and scientific and philosophical inquiries are highlighted as additional important factors that weaken individuals' religious commitment. These findings underscore that distancing from religion is closely linked to personal, social, and psychological needs as well as environmental influences. Moreover, the findings show that the process of distancing from religion is rarely a sudden rupture; rather, it typically unfolds through multi-layered stages such as family-based breakdowns, personal questioning, social exclusion, and identity formation. In this respect, the study goes beyond the linear models of religious departure frequently found in the literature and highlights the dynamic nature of the disengagement process. It was also observed that the factors influencing religious disengagement vary across childhood, adolescence, and youth, offering a new contribution to the literature by demonstrating the age-related variability of these causes. Furthermore, the perception of intellectual inadequacy among religious leaders and emotional-psychodynamic ruptures were also found to play a significant role in this process. In this way, the study presents original contributions to the academic field.Öğe Şiddet içeren aşırıcılık ve radikalleşme süreçlerinde çevrimiçi ortamların etkisinin terörizm incelemesi üzerinden tartışılması(Hitit Üniversitesi, 2025) Özdemir, Yaşar; Çıtak, EmreRadicalization and extremism disrupt the order established by states and increase polarization within society, increasing hate speech. Traditional radicalization refers to the establishment of face-to-face communication and directing individuals to the radicalization process. Today, the developments brought by the internet have affected radicalization processes and brought new radicalization processes to the agenda. Online environments have increased the visibility of online radicalization by paving the way for individuals to spend more time in the virtual world and consume more extremist content. The transition from traditional radicalization to online radicalization has also caused transformations in the strategies of radical individuals or groups; and has brought new and complex problems in combating radicalization. This study examines the role of online environments in violent extremism and radicalization processes and the connection of these processes with terrorism. The study examines whether online radicalization has replaced traditional radicalization; what the effects of online environments are in violent extremism and radicalization processes; and what the methods of combating violent extremism and radicalization are. In this context, relevant literature, national and international reports, policy documents, analyses of digital activities of terrorist organizations, data published by security institutions and news sources were examined. The findings revealed that traditional radicalization environments evolved into online environments with technological developments and in violent extremism and radicalization processes, online environments accelerate radicalization processes and facilitate their reaching large masses. In addition, it was observed that online environments were actively used in the phenomenon of terrorism, which is a result of radicalization processes, and were used as a means of interaction and communication in the radicalization of individuals or groups, in propaganda activities. Finally, methods for combating radicalization were discussed and suggestions were made for more effective conduct of the fight.Öğe II. Karabağ Savaşında Ermeni basınının karşılaştırmalı analizi(Hitit Üniversitesi, 2025) Özyol Aşçı, Gülsüm Gizem; Kiraz, SamiThis thesis examines the attitude of the Armenian press towards the Second Karabakh War from a comparative perspective, examining the different approaches of the pro-government and opposition press during the war. The study begins by shedding light on the historical background of the Karabakh issue and examining the causes, consequences and post-war status quo of the First Karabakh War. The main axis of the thesis is to compare the discourses developed by the Armenian press during and after the war from an impartial perspective. While the pro-government press generally argues that the war was waged in line with national interests, the opposition press claims that the war was lost as a result of wrong strategies and diplomatic failures. These different approaches clearly reveal the political divisions in Armenia and the impact of the press on society. As a result, this study reveals how strong the relationship between media and politics is in Armenia and provides an in-depth analysis of the media discourses that shaped the Armenian society's perceptions of the Second Karabakh War. The different views of the pro-government and opposition press directly affected the society's perspective on the war and future Armenia-Azerbaijan relations.Öğe İnovasyon sistemlerinin e ticaret kapasitesi üzerine etkisi kırılgan sekizli ülkeler üzerine bir değerlendirme(Hitit Üniversitesi, 2024) Şenol, Fatma Yıldız; Kendirli, SelçukThe concept of an information society represents a structure with its own unique processes, encompassing the dynamics of globalization. Economic, social, legal, and cultural relations between countries have shifted, leading to the establishment of international connections and collaborations. In this context, intense competition and technological advancements have transformed traditional forms of interaction into a new shape, especially through developments in information and communication technology, which have increased international interaction and elevated competition to a global level. Individuals and businesses that keep up with these changes have gained the power to compete comfortably in both local and international markets. One of the key factors enabling this strength is the ability to participate in the international goods and services market by using technology through e-commerce beyond borders. The digital world has made it possible for producers and consumers to meet effortlessly anytime and anywhere, transforming markets into structures operating through electronic systems and perceiving the entire world as a customer base. In this context, identifying the factors influencing this transformation has become important. This study aims to analyze the factors affecting e-commerce volume by examining the fragile eight group of countries (Brazil, Indonesia, South Africa, India, Turkey, Argentina, Russia, Chile) from 2014 to 2023. Key variables such as internet penetration, mobile usage rate, R&D expenditures, ICT Index, and Global Innovation Index (GII) were analyzed for their impact on e-commerce through panel data analysis. The findings reveal that internet penetration and mobile usage rate positively support e-commerce volume, while GII, unexpectedly, has a long-term negative effect on e-commerce. This situation highlights the infrastructure and access requirements of the knowledge economy for sustainable growth. The findings emphasize the importance for fragile economies to prioritize investments in digital infrastructure and sustainable innovation strategies to support development based on the knowledge economyÖğe Bahrî Memlüklerinde sosyal hizmetler (1250-1382)(Hitit Üniversitesi, 2025) Keleş, Hilmi; Karakuş, NadirThe Mamluks were an important Muslim Turkish state that ruled the Middle East from the 13th century to the early 16th century. Unlike other Turkish states, the ruling class of the Mamluks was made up of individuals of slave origin. These slaves, after receiving military training, managed the state within a hierarchical command structure. These slaves, brought by Venetian and Genoese sailors from the Caucasus, the Kipchak steppe, and the Khwarezm regions to Egypt, were first given religious education, followed by military training at institutions known as tibak. After this training, they were granted their freedom. Based on their appearance, abilities, and merit, these Mamluks were assigned roles within the military class. Some of these Mamluks even rose to the position of sultan based on their talents and qualifications. The Mamluks ruled for over two and a half centuries in Egypt, Syria, Jerusalem, parts of Anatolia, and the Hijaz region. The Mamluks ruled from 1250 to 1517. This state is divided into two periods due to various reasons, including the origins of its rulers and the places where they received their military and religious education. The first period is known as the Bahri/Turkish Mamluks (648-784/1250-1382), and the second period is the Burji/Circassian Mamluks (784-923/1382-1517). In the Bahri Mamluks, social services were a major concern for the state. The sultan, emirs, and wealthy individuals established foundations either personally or with state support to provide services to disadvantaged groups, such as the poor and needy, so they could live without hardship. Among these disadvantaged groups were children, orphans, students, the sick, the elderly, women, prisoners, refugees, and convicts. Through these activities, the state enabled these groups to live at a standard of living closer to that of other members of society. The aim was for these individuals to benefit from public resources sufficiently, to develop themselves, and to stand on their own feet. In addition to these, the social services aimed to maintain individual freedom, social functionality, and the preservation of well-being based on solidarity and mutual assistance in society. The sultan, emirs, the ruling elite, as well as scholars, wealthy merchants, their families, and other philanthropists, either individually or through foundations, supported social service activities. Thanks to this support, the material needs of disadvantaged groups, such as food, shelter, and clothing, were met, and they were provided with education at institutions like schools and madrasas. In addition to meeting their material needs, efforts were made to meet their spiritual needs, such as visiting the sick to boost their morale. Prisoners were allowed to meet with their families, and they were not hindered in their ability to worship. Furthermore, individuals with disabilities were supported in their work life according to their situation, providing them with moral support. Social services became more prominent as a concept in Western civilization after the Industrial Revolution in the 19th century. When examining the sources from the Mamluk period, it is evident that social service activities actually began with Prophet Muhammad and continued in Muslim states, becoming institutionalized over time. The social service activities of the Bahri Mamluks, the focus of our research, were carried out through both individual and institutional efforts. Disadvantaged groups in society were supported both materially and spiritually. Through these supports, the economic, social, and cultural well-being of these groups was elevated to a certain level. Additionally, it is important to highlight the successful social services provided by the Mamluks, who were significant representatives of Turkish-Islamic civilization. These social services carried out by the Mamluks in the Middle Ages later positively influenced the Western world as well.Öğe Kaygusuz Abdal'ın Mesnevi-i İsmişah adlı eseri (İnceleme-metin)(Hitit Üniversitesi, 2025) Yalçın, Tuğçe; Nazlı, AtiyeKaygusuz Abdal is one of the poets of religious-sufistic folk literature who lived in the late 14th century and early 15th century according to some researchers and in the 15th century according to others. Kaygusuz Abdal used both minstrel literature and divan literature verse forms in his poems. His poems have been brought to the present day through field research, by being passed down from generation to generation in accordance with oral tradition or through academic studies, and although centuries have passed, Kaygusuz's poems are still being recited. There have been many researches and studies on the works of Kaygusuz, who has many works in verse, prose and mixed verse and prose. Abdurrahman Güzel is one of the leading names who has done comprehensive studies on Kaygusuz Abdal. In addition to Güzel, academic articles have been written on Kaygusuz Abdal's works and his perception of poetry, researches and graduate level studies have been conducted. One of these studies is related to Kaygusuz Abdal's masnavi, which is also the subject of our thesis. The study is Zeynep Oktay's Kaygusuz Abdal's Mesnevî-İ Baba Kaygusuz: Crıtıcal Edition and Textual Analysis is her master's thesis. The reason for taking this study of Oktay is that she compared the copies of Kaygusuz Abdal's mesnevis in her thesis. The manuscript that is the subject of our thesis is a copy of Kaygusuz's masnavi. This manuscript is in the Atatürk Library in Istanbul and at the end of the manuscript there is vii information that it was written at the end of the 19th century. The title of the manuscript is Kaygusuz Abdal Kaddesırru İsmişah. The statements at the end of the manuscript, Pīrim Hazret-i Hacı Hasan Mestan Şāh-ı Himmet ʿāliyuyla temām oldı and Eser hâmı kumrızâde Turmuş Al-Antaki, provide information about the manuscript's author. The manuscript analyzed in our thesis was compared with Abdurrahman Güzel and Zeynep Oktay's studies on Kaygusuz's masnavis in terms of couplet differences.At the same time, the text has been transcribed into Latin letters. The other parts of the thesis are the rhetorical arts, poetry types and folklore elements identified in the manuscript.Öğe Sühreverdî'de mantık-metafizik ilişkisi: Hikmetü'l-İşrâk merkezli bir inceleme(Hitit Üniversitesi, 2025) Başaran, Memduh Taha; Akyol, AygünThe aim of the study is to examine the efforts of the Peripatetic (Meşşai) and Illuminationist (İşrâkî) traditions in establishing Eastern Philosophy/Wisdom of Illumination (Hikmet-i İşrâk) within the context of the demonstrative method (burhan) during the formative period of Islamic philosophy. By focusing on the classification in the foundational Peripatetic tradition, which begins with the discipline of logic (Mantıkiyyat) and extends to natural sciences (Tabiiyyat), mathematics (Riyaziyyat), and metaphysics (İlahiyat), the study aims to rationalize the rational and irrational domains through logical principles—identity and non-contradiction—thereby exposing the inconsistency of fallacies and absurd conclusions. The founder of the Illuminationist tradition, Suhrawardî, in his work Hikmat al-Ishrâq (The Philosophy of Illumination), constructs the relationship between language, thought, and logic and elaborates on this within the framework of principles. After this detailed analysis, he grounds his metaphysical vision, which signifies the advancement of the Peripatetic tradition to a higher level and the establishment of a unique philosophical tradition. In constructing the relationship between God, the universe, and humanity, the study operates on the premise that the truths of reason are related to a domain where their contradiction is inconceivable. By employing the demonstrative method (burhan), it is believed that potential issues arising from dialectical methods (cedel/diyalektik) can be overcome. While investigating the Necessary Existent (Vacibü'l-vücud), which does not depend on any other being for its existence, through the demonstrative method, the study will analyze the problems that may arise from conflicting interpretations of principles across different times, places, and languages in the context of theology and civil sciences. These principles, which ensure the attainment of happiness (tahsilu's-saade), will be examined in terms of rational truth and factual truth.Öğe Kur'an merkezli din söylemi (Türkiye'de 2000'li yıllarda Kur'an Müslümanlığı)(Hitit Üniversitesi, 2024) İç, Aysel; Gezer, SüleymanThe Quran-centered religious discourse, which holds the belief that all the solutions to the questions related to religion and life can be found in the Quran, differs significantly in content from traditional views, featuring several themes that set it apart. In recent years, it has attracted increasing attention and has become more widely accepted among the public. The purpose of this study is to objectively understand and introduce this discourse, which, despite not being homogeneous, emphasizes the Quran as a common element, without marginalizing its adherents. The aim is to examine this discourse within the context of contemporary realities in Turkey, and to identify the similarities and differences between its followers and classical modernists. Given the complexity of covering the full spectrum of ideas attributed to this discourse, the study focuses on prominent figures from 2000 onwards to explore how these ideas manifest in Turkey. The methodology employed is qualitative research, using the discourse/content analysis method, which seeks to understand not what is said, but what is intended to be conveyed. A distinctive feature of this discourse, which differs from traditional views on the Quran, hadith-sunnah, and religious heritage, is the emphasis on the Quran as an exhaustive, clear, and detailed book that is sufficient by itself. According to this view, the Quran is the sole source of Islamic teachings, and only Allah, as the founder and giver of the religion, can interpret the Quran. Therefore, there is no need for other sources, nor does anyone else possess the authority to interpret it. Their perception of the Quran, hadith, and sunnah is not seen as a difference in interpretation, but rather as a rejection of hadith and a disregard for tradition.Öğe Halk şairi Haydar Ünlüyol'un hayatı sanatı ve şiirleri(Hitit Üniversitesi, 2025) Dağ, Özkan; Ortakcı, AltuğThis study examines the life, art, and poetry of the folk poet Haydar Ünlüyol within the framework of functional folklore theory, focusing particularly on the protest function observed İn his works. The research adopts qualitative methods, including biographical and textual analysis techniques. Interviews were conducted with the poet, and contextual insights into his poetry were gathered. A total of 594 poems were analyzed. Among these, 221 were categorized as explicitly carrying a protest function, while the remaining 373 were examined based on emotion and thoughtoriented themes. The poet primarily employed 11- and 8-syllable meter structures. The most frequently used verse forms were koşma and semai, with half rhyme emerging as the predominant rhyme type. Satirical and complaining poems were the most commonly encountered types. Ünlüyol's poetry was evaluated through the lens of William R. Bascom's four functions of folklore and İlhan Başgöz's proposed fifth function: protest. The poems contain criticisms across political, economic, social, and cultural spheres. Influenced by prominent folk poets like Aşık Mahzuni Şerif, Ünlüyol employs a critical tone toward both personal and societal issues. While Ünlüyol's poems are rooted in the traditional structures of Turkish folk poetry, they also reflect the presence of a new generation of folk poets operating within the digital culture environment. His work not only contributes to the sustainability of the folk tradition in form and content, but also sheds light on the contemporary folk literature landscape in Anatolia, particularly in the Çorum region. Keywords: Functional folklfuore, protest function, poetry analysis, folk poet, Haydar Ünlüyol Science Code: 31003Öğe Şarkiyatçılık: Aydınlanma Dönemi'nde 'öteki' problemi(Hitit Üniversitesi, 2025) Göktürk, İsa Onur; Duman, FatihThis study examines the emergence and development of Orientalism, and how it came to a point during the Enlightenment Period, which has a very important place in history, and the relevance of the thoughts of Voltaire and Montesquieu, two philosophers who left their mark on the history of political thought in the Enlightenment Period, about the East and Easterners, with 'othering'. There are two basic assumptions for the past and present of Orientalism: The first is that Orientalism is a scientific discipline, as defended by Orientalists and a large number of Western philosophers and researchers. The second basic assumption, which stands in direct opposition to this, is that Orientalism is an area that alienates Easterners, Muslims and Turks, rather than a scientific discipline. The first basic thesis of our study is that Orientalism is an area that alienates the East and Islam, rather than a scientific discipline. In the Enlightenment Period, regarding Orientalism, although Enlightenment philosophers were accepted as a school in their own fields, most of these philosophers disregarded the principles of objectivity, rationality, freedom, tolerance and similar principles they defended in the field of Orientalism and alienated the East and Easterners, and the Orientalist understanding of the Enlightenment Period became the basis of modern Orientalism. The second main thesis of our study is that the Enlightenment Period, which was a revolutionary period in terms of science and thought, was a period that contributed to humanity to such an extent, but it also had a negative side such as 'othering', and that Voltaire and Montesquieu, two important philosophers of the Enlightenment, examined other societies with the idea of othering in Orientalism. In this context, since our study focuses on the relationship between the Enlightenment Period and Orientalism, our main theme, Orientalism, is limited to the Enlightenment Period. In this context, studies on Orientalism were first examined in our study. Then, the studies on the Enlightenment Period were examined and the thoughts, interpretations and descriptions about the East, Islam, the Ottomans, namely the other, were analyzed using the content analysis method. When we look at the literature, there are many studies on the Enlightenment Period and Orientalism. However, most of them are studies that study both subjects separately. Therefore, our study differs from other studies in terms of combining these two subjects and revealing the effects of Voltaire and Montesquieu on the philosophers after them and on modern Orientalism in terms of the othering of the East with an Orientalist understanding.Öğe Hayvanların metalaşmasının hayvan refahına etkileri: Gıda, turizm ve moda sektörleri üzerine bir inceleme(Hitit Üniversitesi, 2025) Ölçek, Abdulsamet; Kanatlı, MehmetThis study examines the effects of animal commodification on animal welfare in the context of the food, tourism and fashion sectors. The consequences of perceiving animals as economically valuable commodities are analysed in the sectors in question. Animal welfare has become an increasingly important issue in modern societies. In this context, the exploitation of animals for economic gain leads to ethical and social issues. The aim of this dissertation is to evaluate the effects of the commodification of animals on animal welfare and to elucidate the functioning of this process. The key research question is how the practices of these sectors, shaped by economic concerns within the capitalist system, affect animal welfare. This study is based on the hypothesis that the commodification of animals leads to negative consequences for their welfare. In this regard, the study will attempt to determine the impacts of practices in the food, tourism, and fashion sectors on the living conditions of animals. Qualitative methods will be used in the research, with an analysis supported by a literature review and case studies. This dissertation distinguishes itself from existing studies by offering a holistic perspective that addresses the responsibilities of sectors in the context of animal welfare. Although there are sector-based studies in the existing literature, this research aims to provide a comprehensive analysis by evaluating three sectors together. This study aims to raise awareness of animal welfare policies and contribute to the development of ethical approaches within the sectors. At the same time, it will contribute to the literature by offering a new perspective to the academic discussions in the relevant fields.Öğe Dekstran temelli iletken kardiyak yamaların geliştirilmesi(Hitit Üniversitesi, 2025) Karakuzu Kızılcaoğlu, Esra Pervin; Özkahraman, BengiThe presented thesis aims to develop conductive cardiac patches based on modified dextran, resembling heart tissue, to prevent myocardial degeneration after acute myocardial infarction. In this context, dextran and alginate natural polymer was modified with glycidyl methacrylate. The resulting modified polymers were confirmed using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (1H-NMR). Conductive cardiac patches were synthesized using reduced graphene oxide (iGO) to impart conductivity and methacrylated dextran and methacrylated alginate containing varying amounts of Vitamin E to enhance cell migration performance. The cardiac patches were prepared by crosslinking using UV methods in the presence of photoinitiator 2-hydroxy-4’-(2- hydroxyethoxy)-2-methylpriophenone (Irgacurre 2959). The developed cardiac patches were characterized using FTIR, X-ray diffraction (XRD), conductivity analysis, as well as in vitro swelling and degradation tests. The antioxidant activity of Vitamine E loaded cardiac patches were determined by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. The cytotoxicity of the dextran based cardiac patches was evaluated on L929 fibroblast cell line using the 3-(4,5- dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The results suggest that the developed dextran based conductive cardiac patches exhibit promising potential for use as biomaterials in cardiac tissue engineering.Öğe Türkiye'de siyasal iletişimin seçmen zihnine etkisinin nöropolitik bağlamda incelenmesi(Hitit Üniversitesi, 2025) Kartal, Meryem; Varel, Anıl; Orhan, Ertuğrul BuğraNeuropolitics is an innovative field of research that brings together methods and theories from different disciplines such as neuroscience, political science and psychology to understand the brain mechanisms underlying political decisions and behaviors. Going beyond the limited explanations offered by traditional voting behavior theories focusing on cognitive and external factors, neuropolitics examines the role of the voter's mind in the decision to vote and provides a comprehensive and detailed understanding of the neural processes underlying this decision. Within the scope of neuropolitics, implicit responses of voters to decision-making processes are analyzed, usually through stimuli such as political symbols, slogans and leader images. This research examines the effects of the themes emerging from the economic, social and political speeches of the Justice and Development Party, Republican People's Party, Nationalist Movement Party and Good Party leaders in rallies held in different cities between March 10 and May 28 during the 2023 election period in Turkey, on the neurological and cognitive processes affecting the voters' voting decisions. The study comprehensively examines the neurological elements that motivate the decisions of voters, which are the background of their attitudes, perceptions, decisions and behaviors under the influence of political leaders' discourses. In this context, the main purpose of the study is to determine the physiological and neurological activations created by the speeches in the voters' brains through neurometric and biometric data and to reveal the effect of these activations on the voting decision. Thus, it is aimed to determine the evaluation criteria that shape voters' voting decisions regarding political leaders' discourses. The data related to the study will be obtained through the Electroencephalography (EEG) and Eye Tracker techniques used in neurometric and biometric measurements, as well as the semi-structured interview technique, which is one of the qualitative research methods, namely a three-way data set. This study was conducted with a total of 30 participants. The participants are master's and doctoral students (15) studying in the Department of Political Science and Public Administration of the Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences at Fırat University, and faculty members in the same department (15). The use of devices such as EEG, GSR, fMRI and Eye Tracker to understand the political behavior of individuals in Turkey is quite new in terms of political science literature. Therefore, it is possible to state that neuropolitical studies are an original and pioneering field for Turkey. This study aims to contribute to the evaluation of political behavior and communication in Turkey from a neuropolitical perspective; to fill the theoretical and methodological gap in the field with its approach combining political psychology and neuroscience, and thus to provide original contributions to the literature. Within the scope of the research, it has been determined that the neurometric and biometric responses that voters develop against economic, political and social stimuli are important variables that shape their voting decisions. In the research, it has been determined that the voting decision is based not only on cognitive but also on neurophysiological processes. In this context, it has been determined that the element that affects the voting decision of voters the most in terms of neurometric, biometric and cognitive is the economic crisis. Voters gave stronger and more distinct neurophysiological responses to political discourses related to the economic crisis compared to all other themes.Öğe Türkiye Cumhuriyeti'nin kurucu felsefesinin temelleri(Hitit Üniversitesi, 2025) Çelik, Ali; Eryücel, ErtuğrulThis study aims to analyze the intellectual sources underlying the founding philosophy of the Republic of Turkey through Emile Durkheim, Jean-Jacques Rousseau and social positivism. Our main argument is that the ideas of these thinkers showed an evolutionary development throughout the Early Republican Period and that positivism's scientific worldview and the understanding of progress in order played a decisive role at every stage of this evolution. In this study, the Early Republican Period is analyzed in two different phases: the 1920's (1919-1928) and the 1930's (1928-1938). The 1920's, the first phase of the founding of the Republic, represents a period in which the institutional structure of the modern nation-state and the understanding of citizenship were attempted to be established in Turkey. In this period, the approach of positivism focusing on scientific method and rationality and the motto of progress in order guided the policies of social transformation and modernization. Inspired by Rousseau's single, indivisible and inalienable principles of the national/general will, the new state's understanding of sovereignty was shaped; in addition, this principle contributed to the emphasis on national unity and common goals. On the other hand, solidarism, introduced to Turkey by Ziya Gökalp and inspired by Emile Durkheim, supported the construction of a social model that rejected class division and prioritized solidarity and harmony among individuals. In this phase, when the foundations of the Republic were laid, the three intellectual approaches mentioned were eclectically effective both in ensuring social integration and in the integration of individuals into the new nation-state understanding. In the 1930's, the second phase of the founding of the Republic, although the scientific worldview of positivism and the understanding of progress in an orderly manner continued to prevail, the intellectual approach that had been in place since the 1920's underwent a significant transformation. For this reason priority was given to cultural policies, and by focusing on branches of science such as history, anthropology, archaeology, ethnology and linguistics, it was aimed to strengthen national identity on scientific grounds. Important developments such as the Turkish History Thesis and the Sun-Language Theory formed the ideological basis of these studies; a new narrative about the origins of the nation was constructed based on Eugéne Pittard's Eurasianist theses, and a search for an original identity against the West was aimed.
