İslam hukuku açısından hastalığın hükümlere etkisi
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Tarih
2024
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
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Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Hitit Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
İslâm hukukuna göre Şârî'in mükellefin fiillerine yönelik hitabına veya bu hitabın sonucuna hüküm denir. Hükümler mükelleften bir davranışı yapmasını veya yapmamasını istemesi ya da yapıp yapmamada serbest bırakması bakımından teklifi hükümler; mükellefin fiilleriyle başka şeyler arasında sebep, şart, rükün veya mani ilişkisi kurulması bakımından vaz'î hükümler olmak üzere ikiye ayrılmaktadır. Ayrıca hükümler daimî/esas olması veya geçici olması bakımından azîmet ve ruhsat kısımlarına ayrılır. İslâm hukukunda Allah'ın hitabına muhatap olarak yaratılan insanoğlu, dinî hükümlerle mükellef kılınmıştır. İnsan için asıl olan dinî sorumluluklarını sağlıklı bir şekilde yerine getirmesidir, ancak insan yaşarken bazen hasta olabilir ve bu hastalık kişinin mükellefiyetini etkiler. Buna göre tezimizin konusu İslâm Hukuku Açısından Hastalığın Hükümlere Etkisi olarak belirlenmiştir. Ehliyet ârızalarından biri olan hastalık; insanın normal hayatını yaşamasını engelleyen, onu ibadet ve günlük işlerini yapmaktan alıkoyan, kişinin fiziksel, ruhsal, dinî ve sosyal faaliyetlerine tesir eden bir acizlik durumudur. Hastalığın oluşmasında birçok etken olduğu gibi çeşitleri de hayli fazladır. Fıkıhta hastalık denilince en genel şekliyle fizyolojik hastalıklar ve ruhsal hastalıklar akla gelir. Fizyolojik hastalıklar, mutlak hastalık ve ölüm hastalığı (marazü'l-mevt) olmak üzere ikiye ayrılır. Ruhsal hastalıklar ise akıl hastalığı (cünûn) ve akıl noksanlığı (ateh) olarak ikiye ayrılmıştır. Tezimizde marazü'l-mevtle yakından ilgili olan kronik hastalıklar ayrıntılı olarak ele alınmıştır. İslâm hukukunda hastalık, hükümlerin uygulanmasında önemli ruhsat sebeplerinden biridir. Hastalık, başta ibadetler olmak üzere, muâmelât, aile hukuku ve ceza hukukunda birçok konuya etki ederek hükümlerin kolaylaştırılmasına, tehir veya ıskatına vesile olmaktadır. Tezimizde, hastalığın hükümlere etkisi kapsamlı bir şekilde ele alınarak bu hükümler tespit edilmeye çalışılmıştır.
According to Islamic law, Shari's speech regarding the obligated person's actions or the result of this actions is called a provision. The provisions stipulate the offer in terms of asking the taxpayer to do or not to do a behavior or leaving him free to do or not do it; They are divided into two as provisional provisions in terms of establishing a cause, condition, principle or obstacle relationship between the actions of the taxpayer and other things. In addition, the provisions are divided into permanence and license sections, depending on whether they are permanent/essential or temporary. In Islamic law, human beings, who were created as the addressees of God, are made responsible for religious provisions. The main thing for a person is to fulfill his religious responsibilities in a healthy way, but sometimes a person may get sick while he is alive and this illness affects the person's responsibilities. Accordingly, the subject of our thesis has been determined as the Effect of Disease on Rulings in Terms of Islamic Law. Illness, which is one of the competence defects is a state of incapacity that prevents a person from living his normal life, prevents him from performing his prayers and daily activities, and affects the person's physical, spiritual, religious and social activities. There are many factors that cause the disease, as well as many types. When disease is mentioned in fiqh, physiological diseases and mental diseases come to mind in the most general terms. Physiological diseases are divided into two: absolute disease and death disease (marazü'l-mevt). Mental illnesses are divided into two: mental illness (junun) and mental deficiency (ateh). In our thesis, chronic diseases that are closely related to maraz al-mawt are discussed in detail. In Islamic law, illness is one of the important reasons for permission to implement the provisions. Illness affects many issues, especially in worship, transactions, family law and criminal law, and causes the provisions to be facilitated, postponed or canceled. In our thesis, we tried to determine these provisions by comprehensively discussing the effect of the disease on the provisions.
According to Islamic law, Shari's speech regarding the obligated person's actions or the result of this actions is called a provision. The provisions stipulate the offer in terms of asking the taxpayer to do or not to do a behavior or leaving him free to do or not do it; They are divided into two as provisional provisions in terms of establishing a cause, condition, principle or obstacle relationship between the actions of the taxpayer and other things. In addition, the provisions are divided into permanence and license sections, depending on whether they are permanent/essential or temporary. In Islamic law, human beings, who were created as the addressees of God, are made responsible for religious provisions. The main thing for a person is to fulfill his religious responsibilities in a healthy way, but sometimes a person may get sick while he is alive and this illness affects the person's responsibilities. Accordingly, the subject of our thesis has been determined as the Effect of Disease on Rulings in Terms of Islamic Law. Illness, which is one of the competence defects is a state of incapacity that prevents a person from living his normal life, prevents him from performing his prayers and daily activities, and affects the person's physical, spiritual, religious and social activities. There are many factors that cause the disease, as well as many types. When disease is mentioned in fiqh, physiological diseases and mental diseases come to mind in the most general terms. Physiological diseases are divided into two: absolute disease and death disease (marazü'l-mevt). Mental illnesses are divided into two: mental illness (junun) and mental deficiency (ateh). In our thesis, chronic diseases that are closely related to maraz al-mawt are discussed in detail. In Islamic law, illness is one of the important reasons for permission to implement the provisions. Illness affects many issues, especially in worship, transactions, family law and criminal law, and causes the provisions to be facilitated, postponed or canceled. In our thesis, we tried to determine these provisions by comprehensively discussing the effect of the disease on the provisions.
Açıklama
Hitit Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü
