Osmanlı Devleti'nde meydana gelen vergi isyanları ve batı ülkeleri ile karşılaştırılmalı analizi
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Tarih
2024
Yazarlar
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Yayıncı
Hitit Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Vergiler devletin egemenlik gücüne dayanarak bireylerden topladığı meşru gelirleridir. Bir ülkenin ekonomik ve sosyal yönden güçlü olabilmesi için ilk olarak istikrarlı ve sağlam kaynaklara ihtiyacı vardır. Bu kaynakların en önemlisi vergilerdir. Vergiler ilk olarak tamamen mali amaçlarla alınırken 19. yüzyıldan sonra ekonomik ve sosyal amaçlar için de alınmaya başlamıştır. Fakat vergi var olduğundan beri vergi isyanları onun gölgesi olmuştur. Vergi, maddi ve zora dayalı karşılıksız bir değer olduğundan vergiye karşı bir direnç oluşması normaldir. Çünkü devletler devamlılığını sağlamak isterken bireylerde refahlarını maksimize etmek isterler. Vergi alınması ile harcanabilir geliri azalan birey bu duruma tepki gösterecektir. Bu durumda istenilen şey devletin vergilemede adil olması ve vergi yükümlülerinin de bu duruma gönüllü uyum göstermesidir. Geçmişten günümüze kadar neredeyse bütün ülkelerde vergi isyanları yaşanmıştır. Bu isyanların nedenleri genel olarak vergi yükü olarak bilinmekle birlikte farklı sebeplerle ortaya çıkan isyanlar da yaşanmıştır. Osmanlı Devleti'nde yaşanılan vergi isyanlarının sonuçları itibariyle diğer ülkelerden ayrıldığı noktalar vardır. Çünkü Osmanlı'da yaşanılan bazı isyanların sonucunda büyük yıkımlar söz konusu olmuştur. Buradan hareketle, ekonomik, hukuksal, sosyal ve siyasi boyutları olan verginin, isyanlar ve sonuçları açısından ele alınması, hem halkın refahını arttırmaya çalışan devletin bu amaca daha kolay ulaşmasını, hem de bireylerin vergiye olan tepkilerinin öğrenilmesi ve önlemler alınmasıyla bu tepkilerin minimuma indirilmesini sağlayacaktır.
Taxes are the legitimate revenues of the state collected from individuals based on its sovereign power. In order for a country to be economically and socially strong, it first needs stable and solid resources. The most important of these resources are taxes. While taxes were first collected for purely financial purposes, they began to be collected for economic and social purposes after the 19th century. But ever since the tax existed, tax revolts have been its shadow. Since tax is a material and force-based unrequited value, it is normal for there to be resistance to the tax. Because while states want to ensure their continuity, individuals want to maximize their welfare. The individual whose disposable income decreases due to taxes will react to this situation. In this case, what is desired is for the state to be fair in taxation and for taxpayers to comply with this situation voluntarily. Tax revolts have occurred in almost all countries from past to present. Although the reasons for these rebellions are generally known as the tax burden, there were also rebellions that occurred for different reasons. There are points where the Ottoman Empire differs from other countries in terms of the results of the tax revolts. Because there was great destruction as a result of some rebellions in the Ottoman Empire. From this point of view, examining tax, which has economic, legal, social and political dimensions, in terms of rebellions and their consequences, will enable the state, which tries to increase the welfare of the people, to achieve this goal more easily, and to minimize these reactions by learning the reactions of individuals to taxes and taking precautions.
Taxes are the legitimate revenues of the state collected from individuals based on its sovereign power. In order for a country to be economically and socially strong, it first needs stable and solid resources. The most important of these resources are taxes. While taxes were first collected for purely financial purposes, they began to be collected for economic and social purposes after the 19th century. But ever since the tax existed, tax revolts have been its shadow. Since tax is a material and force-based unrequited value, it is normal for there to be resistance to the tax. Because while states want to ensure their continuity, individuals want to maximize their welfare. The individual whose disposable income decreases due to taxes will react to this situation. In this case, what is desired is for the state to be fair in taxation and for taxpayers to comply with this situation voluntarily. Tax revolts have occurred in almost all countries from past to present. Although the reasons for these rebellions are generally known as the tax burden, there were also rebellions that occurred for different reasons. There are points where the Ottoman Empire differs from other countries in terms of the results of the tax revolts. Because there was great destruction as a result of some rebellions in the Ottoman Empire. From this point of view, examining tax, which has economic, legal, social and political dimensions, in terms of rebellions and their consequences, will enable the state, which tries to increase the welfare of the people, to achieve this goal more easily, and to minimize these reactions by learning the reactions of individuals to taxes and taking precautions.
Açıklama
Hitit Üniversitesi, Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü
