Üniversite öğrencilerinin özgüven düzeylerinin ve tanrı algılarının dini başa çıkma tarzlarına etkisi
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Tarih
2024
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Hitit Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Hayatta karşılaşılan herhangi bir koşul birey için tehdit edici algılanmasından itibaren fiziksel, zihinsel ve ruhsal olarak kişiye stres yaşatabilir. Stres unsuru karşısında kişinin gergin ruh halinden kurtulmak için girişmiş olduğu uğraşa "Başa Çıkma" ismi verilmektedir. Stres anında ve başa çıkarken bireyin duruma ilişkin duygu ve düşünceleri tetiklenir. Birey stresi anlamlandırmaya ve yorumlamaya çalışırken sürece kişisel özellikleri etki eder. Kişisel özelliklerle beraber dini ve manevi inancı da stres faktörünü anlamaya ve stres ile başa çıkmaya etki etmektedir. Bireyin stres faktörü karşısında dine olumlu veya olumsuz yönelimi "Dini Başa Çıkma" olarak isimlendirilmektedir. Aynı stres unsuru bir kişide "Allah'ın kendisini sınaması" olarak nitelendirilip kişiyi Allah'a dua etmeye, sabretmeye, ibadet etmeye, dini temsil eden kişiler ile görüşmeye yönlendirirken diğer bir kişinin stres unsurunu "Allah'ın kendisini cezalandırması" olarak yorumlaması bireyi Allah'tan, dini uygulamalardan, dini kişi ve kurumlardan uzaklaşmasına sebep olmaktadır. Böylelikle dini başa çıkma olumlu ve olumsuz olarak ikiye ayrılmaktadır. Bireysel özellikler herhangi bir durumun stres verici olarak algılanıp algılanmamasına etki ettiği gibi stres ile başa çıkma sürecine de etki eder. Bireysel özellikler kişiyi olumlu dini başa çıkmaya veya olumsuz dini başa çıkmaya yönlendirebilmektedir. Dini başa çıkma sürecinde bireyin başa çıkma becerisine dair kendine güveni ile dini olarak güç aldığı Tanrı'ya karşı algısı etki eden faktörlerdendir. Bu çalışmada da stres faktörü görece sabit tutulduğu durumda bireylerin Tanrı Algılarının ve özgüven düzeylerinin kişinin dini başa çıkma tarzlarına etkisi incelenmiştir. Çalışmada stres faktörünü görece sabit tutabilmek için Hitit Üniversitesi'nin Çorum merkez yerleşkesinde bulunan fakülte ve yüksekokullarında eğitim gören 363 son sınıf öğrencileri örneklem olarak belirlenmiştir. Katılımcılara; Pargament tarafından geliştirilen ve Ekşi ve Sayın tarafından Türkçeye uyarlanan "Dini Başa Çıkma Ölçeği", Akın Tarafından geliştirilen "Öz-Güven Ölçeği" ile Güler tarafından geliştirilen "Tanrı Algısı Ölçeği" uygulanmıştır. Ayrıca katılımcılara; cinsiyet, eğitim düzeyi, eğitim görülen birim, ekonomik düzey, algılanan ekonomik düzey ve yaşamın çoğunluğunun geçtiği yerin büyüklük bilgilerinin alındığı "Kişisel Bilgiler Formu" uygulanmıştır. Elde edilen verilere uygun istatistik analizlerle beraber Yapısal Eşitlik Modellemesi (Structural Equation Modeling), Yol Analizi (Path Analysis) ve Aracılık Testi uygulamaları yapılmış ve yorumlanmıştır. Yapılan demografik bilgiler ve ölçek analizleri neticesinde; kadınların olumlu dini başa çıkma oranları, korku ve sevgi yönelimli Tanrı algı sonuçları erkeklerden yüksek olup erkeklerin ise olumsuz dini başa çıkma oranları kadınlardan yüksek bulunmuştur. Yüksekokul öğrencilerinin olumlu dini başa çıkma oranları ile korku ve sevgi yönelimli Tanrı Algı sonuçları, fakülte öğrencilerinden anlamlı düzeyde yüksektir. İlahiyat Fakültesi öğrencilerinin diğer eğitim birimleri öğrencilerine nazaran olumlu ve olumsuz dini başa çıkma tarzları ile sevgi ve korku yönelimli Tanrı Algıları düzeyleri arasında anlamlı fark bulunmamaktadır. Asgari ücretin 5.500TL olduğu süreçte uygulanan ankette; 15.001TL ve üzeri gelir belirten grubun olumlu dini başa çıkma oranı 0-5.000TL ile 5.001-10.000TL gelire sahip olduğunu belirten gruplara nazaran anlamlı düzeyde düşüktür. Ayrıca bu grubun sevgi yönelimli Tanrı Algısı sonuçları da 5.001-10.000TL ile 10.001-15.000TL gelir belirten gruba kıyasla anlamlı düzeyde düşüktür. Algılanan ekonomik düzeye bakıldığında ise gelirini yüksek algılayan bireylerin, gelirini alt düzey ve orta düzey algılayan gruplara nazaran olumlu dini başa çıkma oranı anlamlı düzeyde yüksektir. Gelirini yüksek düzey algılayan bireylerin gelir durumunu alt düzey algılan bireylere nazaran sevgi yönelimli Tanrı Algısı ile özgüven düzeyleri yüksek bulunmuştur. Yaşamın çoğunluğunu köy ve kasabada geçiren bireylerin olumlu dini başa çıkma oranı ile sevgi yönelimli Tanrı Algısı oranları yaşamın çoğunluğunu büyükşehirde geçirenlere nazaran yüksek olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Algılanan ekonomik düzey haricinde özgüven değişkeninin hiçbir demografik değişkene göre anlamlı düzeyde farklılaşmadığı görülmüştür. Araştırmada dini başa çıkma, Tanrı Algısı ve özgüven ölçekleri verilerinin analizleri neticesinde çeşitli sonuçlar elde edilmiştir. Yapılan Yapısal Eşitlik Modellemesi analizi neticesinde; Tanrı Algısının olumlu dini başa çıkmaya pozitif ve olumsuz dini başa çıkmaya ise negatif yönde anlamlı düzeyde etki ettiği görülmüştür. Özgüvenin ise olumlu dini başa çıkmaya pozitif etkisi anlamlı iken olumsuz dini başa çıkmaya anlamlı etkide bulunmadığı görülmüştür. Yapısal Eşitlik Modellemesiyle bağlantılı olarak yapılan Yol Analizi sonucunda ise; korku yönelimli Tanrı Algısının olumlu ve olumsuz dini başa çıkmaya negatif yönde etki ettiği bulunmuştur. Sevgi yönelimli Tanrı Algısının i
Any event in life can cause physical, mental, and spiritual stress to an individual when perceived as threatening. The effort to alleviate tense moods in the face of stress is called 'coping'. During and coping with stress, the individual's emotions and thoughts regarding the situation are triggered. While an individual tries to make sense of and interpret stress, his/her personal characteristics affect the process. The self-confidence, social support mechanisms, coping skills and many personal characteristics of the person experiencing stress, as well as religious and spiritual beliefs, affect understanding the stress factor and coping with stress. The individual's positive or negative orientation towards religion in the process of making sense and interpreting the stress factor is called "Religious Coping". Individuals may interpret the same stress factor differently. While one person may view it as a test from God and seek solace in prayer, patience, worship, and religious community, another may view it as punishment and distance themselves from God and religious practices. Positive and negative forms of religious coping are so distinguished. Individual characteristics can influence whether or not a situation is perceived as stressful, as well as when coping with stress. In the religious coping process, individual characteristics may lead the person to positive religious coping or negative religious coping. Self-confidence and approach to God are the most influential factors in the religious coping process. This study examines the impact of individuals' perception of God and self-confidence levels on their religious coping styles while keeping the stress factor relatively constant. In order to keep the stress factor as constant as possible, the "Religious Coping Scale" developed by Pargament and adapted into Turkish by Ekşi and Sayın, and the "Self-Confidence Scale" developed by Akın were administered to 363 senior students studying at the Faculties and Schools in the Çorum central campus of Hitit University. Additionally, the "God Perception Scale" developed by Güler was applied. The study also included the application of the 'Personal Information Form' to participants, which gathered information on gender, unit of study, school attended, economic status, perceived economic level, and the size of the place where most of their life was spent. Various statistical analyses, as well as Structural Equation Modeling, Path Analysis, and Mediation Test applications, were conducted and interpreted. The study found that women had higher rates of positive religious coping and fear and love-oriented perception of God compared to men. On the other hand, men had higher rates of negative religious coping. Additionally, the study found that college students had significantly higher rates of positive religious coping and fear and love-oriented perception of God compared to faculty students. There is no significant difference between the positive and negative religious coping styles and the levels of love and fear-oriented God perceptions of the students of the Faculty of Theology compared to the students of other educational units. In the survey conducted during the period when the minimum wage was 5,000 TL; the group reporting an income of 15,001 TL and above had a significantly lower positive religious coping rate compared to the groups reporting an income of 0-5,000 TL and 5,001-10,000 TL. Additionally, this group had significantly lower results for love-oriented God perception compared to the group reporting an income of 5,001-10,000 TL and 10,001-15,000 TL. When examining the the perceived economic situation, individuals who perceive their income as high have a significantly higher positive religious coping rate compared to those who perceive their income as low or medium. Results have also shown that those with a high income level also have higher levels of love-oriented God perception and self-confidence than those with lower incomes. Research findings suggest that individuals who spend the majority of their lives in villages and towns have a higher positive religious coping rate and love-oriented perception of God compared to those who spend the majority of their lives in metropolitan cities. The study also found that the dependent variable of self-confidence did not significantly differ from any demographic independent variable, except for the perceived economic level. The study obtained various results analysing data on religious coping, perception of God, and self-confidence scales. The results of the Structural Equation Modelling analysis showed that perception of God has a positive effect on positive religious coping and a negative effect on negative religious coping. While the positive effect of self-confidence on positive religious coping was significant, its negative effect on negative religious coping was found to be insignificant. The Path Analysis conducted in conjunction with Structural Equation M
Any event in life can cause physical, mental, and spiritual stress to an individual when perceived as threatening. The effort to alleviate tense moods in the face of stress is called 'coping'. During and coping with stress, the individual's emotions and thoughts regarding the situation are triggered. While an individual tries to make sense of and interpret stress, his/her personal characteristics affect the process. The self-confidence, social support mechanisms, coping skills and many personal characteristics of the person experiencing stress, as well as religious and spiritual beliefs, affect understanding the stress factor and coping with stress. The individual's positive or negative orientation towards religion in the process of making sense and interpreting the stress factor is called "Religious Coping". Individuals may interpret the same stress factor differently. While one person may view it as a test from God and seek solace in prayer, patience, worship, and religious community, another may view it as punishment and distance themselves from God and religious practices. Positive and negative forms of religious coping are so distinguished. Individual characteristics can influence whether or not a situation is perceived as stressful, as well as when coping with stress. In the religious coping process, individual characteristics may lead the person to positive religious coping or negative religious coping. Self-confidence and approach to God are the most influential factors in the religious coping process. This study examines the impact of individuals' perception of God and self-confidence levels on their religious coping styles while keeping the stress factor relatively constant. In order to keep the stress factor as constant as possible, the "Religious Coping Scale" developed by Pargament and adapted into Turkish by Ekşi and Sayın, and the "Self-Confidence Scale" developed by Akın were administered to 363 senior students studying at the Faculties and Schools in the Çorum central campus of Hitit University. Additionally, the "God Perception Scale" developed by Güler was applied. The study also included the application of the 'Personal Information Form' to participants, which gathered information on gender, unit of study, school attended, economic status, perceived economic level, and the size of the place where most of their life was spent. Various statistical analyses, as well as Structural Equation Modeling, Path Analysis, and Mediation Test applications, were conducted and interpreted. The study found that women had higher rates of positive religious coping and fear and love-oriented perception of God compared to men. On the other hand, men had higher rates of negative religious coping. Additionally, the study found that college students had significantly higher rates of positive religious coping and fear and love-oriented perception of God compared to faculty students. There is no significant difference between the positive and negative religious coping styles and the levels of love and fear-oriented God perceptions of the students of the Faculty of Theology compared to the students of other educational units. In the survey conducted during the period when the minimum wage was 5,000 TL; the group reporting an income of 15,001 TL and above had a significantly lower positive religious coping rate compared to the groups reporting an income of 0-5,000 TL and 5,001-10,000 TL. Additionally, this group had significantly lower results for love-oriented God perception compared to the group reporting an income of 5,001-10,000 TL and 10,001-15,000 TL. When examining the the perceived economic situation, individuals who perceive their income as high have a significantly higher positive religious coping rate compared to those who perceive their income as low or medium. Results have also shown that those with a high income level also have higher levels of love-oriented God perception and self-confidence than those with lower incomes. Research findings suggest that individuals who spend the majority of their lives in villages and towns have a higher positive religious coping rate and love-oriented perception of God compared to those who spend the majority of their lives in metropolitan cities. The study also found that the dependent variable of self-confidence did not significantly differ from any demographic independent variable, except for the perceived economic level. The study obtained various results analysing data on religious coping, perception of God, and self-confidence scales. The results of the Structural Equation Modelling analysis showed that perception of God has a positive effect on positive religious coping and a negative effect on negative religious coping. While the positive effect of self-confidence on positive religious coping was significant, its negative effect on negative religious coping was found to be insignificant. The Path Analysis conducted in conjunction with Structural Equation M
Açıklama
Hitit Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü
