Predictors of Anxiety in the COVID-19 Pandemic from a Global Perspective: Data from 23 Countries

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dc.authoridYaakob, Mohd Faiz Mohd / 0000-0001-9881-5870
dc.authoridStoyanova, Stanislava / 0000-0002-8873-9285
dc.authoridCetinkaya, Hakan / 0000-0001-5585-8678
dc.authoridAlpaslan, Fadime Suata / 0000-0003-0404-9381
dc.authoridAdebayo, Damilola Fisayo / 0000-0002-5326-948X
dc.authoridAl-Zu'bi, Mohammad / 0000-0001-9545-4942
dc.authoridOjedokun, Oluyinka / 0000-0002-3497-4618
dc.authorwosidYaakob, Mohd Faiz Mohd / V-9660-2019
dc.authorwosidStoyanova, Stanislava / I-2058-2013
dc.authorwosidCetinkaya, Hakan / AAI-2361-2020
dc.authorwosidAlpaslan, Fadime Suata / B-7766-2019
dc.authorwosidAdebayo, Damilola Fisayo / AAY-5761-2021
dc.authorwosidAl-Zu'bi, Mohammad / AAZ-4888-2021
dc.authorwosidOjedokun, Oluyinka / E-5800-2018
dc.contributor.authorBurkova, Valentina N.
dc.contributor.authorButovskaya, Marina L.
dc.contributor.authorRandall, Ashley K.
dc.contributor.authorFedenok, Julija N.
dc.contributor.authorAhmadi, Khodabakhsh
dc.contributor.authorAlghraibeh, Ahmad M.
dc.contributor.authorZinurova, Raushaniia I.
dc.date.accessioned2021-11-01T15:06:17Z
dc.date.available2021-11-01T15:06:17Z
dc.date.issued2021
dc.department[Belirlenecek]
dc.description.abstractPrior and ongoing COVID-19 pandemic restrictions have resulted in substantial changes to everyday life. The pandemic and measures of its control affect mental health negatively. Self-reported data from 15,375 participants from 23 countries were collected from May to August 2020 during the early phases of the COVID-19 pandemic. Two questionnaires measuring anxiety level were used in this study-the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7), and the State Anxiety Inventory (SAI). The associations between a set of social indicators on anxiety during COVID-19 (e.g., sex, age, country, live alone) were tested as well. Self-reported anxiety during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic varied across countries, with the maximum levels reported for Brazil, Canada, Italy, Iraq and the USA. Sex differences of anxiety levels during COVID-19 were also examined, and results showed women reported higher levels of anxiety compared to men. Overall, our results demonstrated that the self-reported symptoms of anxiety were higher compared to those reported in general before pandemic. We conclude that such cultural dimensions as individualism/collectivism, power distance and looseness/tightness may function as protective adaptive mechanisms against the development of anxiety disorders in a pandemic situation.
dc.description.sponsorshipMinistry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation [075-15-2020-910]; Deanship of Scientific Research at King Saud UniversityKing Saud University; Hungarian Scientific Research Fund (OTKA)Orszagos Tudomanyos Kutatasi Alapprogramok (OTKA) [K125437]en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipIn Russia (V.N.B., M.L.B., J.F.), this article was prepared in the framework of a research grant funded by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (grant ID: 075-15-2020-910). The authors extend their appreciation to the Deanship of Scientific Research at King Saud University for funding this work through Support to Ahmad M. Alghraibeh (Saudi Arabia). Data collection in Hungary was supported by the Hungarian Scientific Research Fund (OTKA) awarded to the twenty-seventh author (K125437).en_US
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/su13074017
dc.identifier.issn2071-1050
dc.identifier.issue7en_US
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-85104184486
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ1
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.3390/su13074017
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/11491/7536
dc.identifier.volume13en_US
dc.identifier.wosWOS:000638899900001
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ2
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Science
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopus
dc.institutionauthor[Belirlenecek]
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherMdpi
dc.relation.ispartofSustainability
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanı
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.subjectCOVID-19 pandemicen_US
dc.subjectSARS-CoV-2 infectionen_US
dc.subjectanxietyen_US
dc.subjectstressen_US
dc.subjectcross-culturalen_US
dc.subjectindividualismen_US
dc.subjectcollectivismen_US
dc.subjectpower distanceen_US
dc.subjectloosenessen_US
dc.subjecttightnessen_US
dc.titlePredictors of Anxiety in the COVID-19 Pandemic from a Global Perspective: Data from 23 Countries
dc.typeArticle

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