Efficient Removal of Ciprofloxacin from Water Using High-Surface-Area Activated Carbon Derived from Rice Husks: Adsorption Isotherms, Kinetics, and Thermodynamic Evaluation
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Tarih
2025
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
MDPI
Erişim Hakkı
Özet
Activated carbon is widely recognized as an effective material for removing pollutants, especially pharmaceutical residues, from water. In this study, high-surface-area activated carbon derived from rice husks (RHAC) was synthesized via KOH activation and used for the adsorption of ciprofloxacin, a widely used fluoroquinolone antibiotic. Its adsorption behavior was systematically investigated through batch experiments varying the pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time, initial concentration, and temperature. The RHAC exhibited a high surface area of 1539.7 m(2)/g and achieved a maximum adsorption capacity of 398.4 mgg(-1). The Freundlich isotherm best describes its adsorption equilibrium, suggesting multilayer adsorption on a heterogeneous surface. Kinetic modeling revealed that the adsorption process followed a pseudo second-order model (R-2 = 0.9981), indicating chemisorption as the rate-limiting mechanism. Thermodynamic parameters (Delta H degrees = 6.61 kJ/mol, Delta G degrees < 0) confirmed that the process was endothermic and spontaneous. These findings demonstrate that RHAC is a highly efficient, low-cost, and sustainable adsorbent for removing ciprofloxacin from aqueous environments.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
activated carbon, adsorption, antibiotic pollution, ciprofloxacin, rice husk
Kaynak
MOLECULES
WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
Cilt
30
Sayı
12
