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Characterization of Spatiotemporal Variations in Mert Stream Water Quality by Phytoplankton Community and Biological Indices
(KAHRAMANMARAS SUTCU IMAM UNIV REKTORLUGU, 2022) Maraşlıoğlu, Faruk; Bektaş, Serdar
In order to determine the water quality of the Mert Stream, algal indicators and some biological indices (TDI, IDG, PTI, Palmer, DAIpo) based on phytoplankton species were used. Phytoplankton samples were performed monthly from six different sites at a depth of 0.5 meter using a one-litre water sampler between July 2011 and June 2012. After phytoplankton samples were placed in 250-mL dark bottles and fixed with Lugol’s solution until processed in the laboratory, they were identified and counted in the tubular plankton counting chambers using an inverted microscope according to Utermöhl method. Bacillariophyta members became the dominant division in the phytoplankton with an abundance rate of 83.3% and 71 taxa. Lindavia glomerata, Navicula cryptocephala, Cyclotella planctonica, and Navicula veneta were determined as the most dominant species among phytoplanktonic taxa of Mert Stream. Trophic diatom index (TDI) and Generic diatom index (IDG) based on planktonic diatoms were used to determine the trophic status of the Mert Stream. Pollution tolerance index (PTI), Diatom assemblage index (DAIPo) and Palmer index were also included to assess the organic load-based sabrobity level of the Mert Stream. According to the results of mean TDI and IDG (55 and 13, respectively), the trophic status of the Mert Stream is a mesotrophic structure with moderate nutrients and good water transparency. According to the average PTI result (2.7), Mert Stream is in the ?-mesosaprobic class, which corresponds to moderate pollution. Considering DAIpo indice, the saprobity of Mert stream is ?-oligosaprobic level and the stream is not exposed to a serious organic-based pollution. However, according to the Palmer index, all stations of the Mert Stream except the 6th station are under the threat of high organic pollution. In present study, it was seen that the best biological index that reflects the station-based trophic structure of the stream is IDG, and the best biological index that reflects the station-based organic pollution of the stream is PTI.
Breeding biology of the red-backed shrike, Lanius collurio, in the Kızılırmak Delta in the north of Turkey
(Technological Research Council of Turkey (TÜBİTAK), 2016) Arslan Şahin, Necmiye; Turan, Salih Levent; Ayaş, Zafer
Abstract: The population trend of the red-backed shrike, Lanius collurio, is declining in its range. We studied the breeding biology of this species in the 2011 and 2012 breeding seasons in the north of Turkey. Our study site was an area of approximately 650 ha in the Kızılırmak Delta. Population density was 2.4 breeding pairs (bp)/10 ha and 2.7 bp/10 ha in 2011 and 2012, respectively. Blackberry bushes were used most frequently as nest sites (66%). The mean height of the nests from the ground was 125 ± 39 cm. The mean height of nest plants was 224 cm ± 76 cm. Nest height and nest plant height were positively correlated. We present an inequality of breeding parameters in the two successive breeding seasons. In 2011, the red-backed shrikes arrived at their breeding sites later, began to breed later, laid smaller clutches, and were less productive than in 2012. The main factor of the nest failures was nest predation in the study area. We detected normal second broods (six pairs) and it seems that this case was not exceptional. The Kızılırmak Delta is an important breeding area of the red-backed shrike population and more comprehensive studies are required.
Seasonal and spatial variation of epilithic algal community in Batlama Stream (Giresun, Turkey)
(Hitit University, 2017) Maraşlıoğlu, Faruk; Soylu, Elif Neyran; Altürk Karaca, Sibel
Spatio-temporal changes in taxonomic composition and structure of epilithic algal community with some physicochemical features of the Batlama stream were assessed between June 2013 and May 2014 at the intertidal zone of the Batlama Stream, Giresun, Turkey. A total of 90 taxa were identified belonging to division of Bacillariophyta (80 taxa), Euglenophyta (3 taxa), Cyanobacteria (3 taxa) , Charophyta (2 taxa) and Chlorophyta (2 taxa) on epilitihic algae of Batlama Stream. Encyonema minutum, Ulnaria ulna, Cocconeis placentula, and Navicula cryptocephala species were the most abundant taxa among all samples of the four stations throughout the study. The Shannon diversity index (H’) values varied in the range from 0.5 to 1.2 and correlated with both species richness and relative species abundance (evenness). The results of the diversity analysis and the counting did not exactly match up with each other. Chlorophyll-a values of the stream and trophic classification (TDI, BDI) based on epilithic diatoms ascribed Batlama Stream to the mezotrophic range. Also, according to the calculated pollution index (PTI, S) values, all stations of the Batlama Stream were moderately polluted (?-mesosaprobity).
Effect of inulin and auricularia polytricha extract on proliferation of lactobacillus rhamnosus
(Hitit University, 2017) Alp Avcı, Gülçin; Özçelik, Burçin; Kesepara, Elmas Ceren
Probiotic microorganisms have many health-beneficial effects on gastrointestinal system and their therapeutic usage is becoming increasingly common in human and veterinary medicine. Many different species and strains of bacteria, yeast and even fungi have been extensively used as potential probiotics. Among the probiotic strains, Lactobacillus rhamnosus is one of the most commonly used strain for probiotic treatment and health promoting functions of this strain are well documented. To enhance therapeutic effects of probiotics, prebiotics have been extensively used. Prebiotics stimulate the proliferation of probiotics and this may have positive effects on the maintenance of the balance between pathogenic and nonpathogenic bacteria. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of inulin and Auricularia polytricha aqueous extract on the proliferation of L. rhamnosus. For this purpose, L. rhamnosus was inoculated in three different MRS broth supplemented with inulin 5%, A. polytricha extract 5% and with the mixture of inulin 5% plus A. polytricha extract 5%. Our results indicated that L. rhamnosus was able to use inulin and fungus extract as a carbon source. Moreover,combined use of inulin and A. polytricha improved prebiotic efficacy.
The paraldehyde fuchsin positive material in corpora cardiaca of Pimpla turionellae L. (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) during egg maturation
(İstanbul Üniversitesi, 2011) Özlük, Aydın; Gül, Nursel
Bu çalışmanın amacı, bir dış parazit olan Pimpla turionellae’nin korpus kardiacum(CC)’undaki nörosekresyon maddesinin üreme üzerine olan etkisini incelemektir. Bu amaçla, seri kesitlerde, böceğin yumurta gelişimi ve korpus kardiacum’undaki nörosekresyon maddesi gözlenmiştir. Böceğin beyin kesitleri paraldehit fuksin ile boyanmıştır. Yumurta gelişimi, yumurtalık kesitlerindeki terminal oosit boyu ölçülerek belirlenmiştir. 3. günde gözlenen yumurta büyümesi, 15. günde en yüksek seviyesine ulaşmış ve bu günden sonra yumurta bırakma gözlenmiştir. CC’deki paraldehit fuksin pozitif (PF+ NS) maddenin miktarı, yumurta gelişiminin ilk günlerinde belirli bir seviyedeydi. Terminal oositler en uzun boylarına ulaşırken, CC’deki PF+ NS maddenin seviyesi en aza indi. Yumurta bırakma evresinde ise bu seviye, en yüksek değerine ulaştı. Bu gözlemler bize, bu böceğin korpora kardiaka’sındaki nörosekresyon maddesinin yumurta gelişimi ile ilişkisi olabileceği fikrini vermiştir.
The effect of the neurosecretory material in the median neurosecretory cells on egg development of the endoparasitic pimpla turionellae L. (hymenoptera: ichneumonidae)
(Hacettepe Üniversitesi, 2010) Özlük, Aydın; Gül, Nursel
The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of the neurosecretory material (NSM) in median neurosecretory cells (MNC) on reproduction of endoparasitic Pimpla turionellae L.. For this purpose, the egg maturation and amount of the NSM in MNC of the insects were examined by the serial cross sections of the brain. Egg maturation was determined by measuring the terminal oocyte length in the ovariole. The sections of insect brains were stained by paraldehyde fuchsin to determine the amount of the NSM in the neurosecretory granules of the MNC. The amount of the NSM in MNC was at a certain level in the first day of egg development. While terminal oocyte was reaching the maximum length, amount of NSM in MNC decreased the minumum level. During the egg laying phase, the amount of the NSM in MNC reached the maximum level. These observations give us the idea that the neurosecretory material in median neurosecretory cell of this insect may be related to the egg development.
Aquatic coleoptera fauna of Çorum and Yozgat provinces (Turkey)
(Ersin Yücel, 2010) Darılmaz, Mustafa Cemal; Salur, Ali; Mesci, Seda
Aquatic beetles in the families Gyrinidae, Haliplidae, Noteridae, Dytiscidae, Helophoridae and Hydrophilidae were sampled at the Çorum and Yozgat provinces in Central Anatolian from 2006 through 2009. 61 species of water beetles were recorded in Çorum province and 15 species in Yozgat province. 56 species appeared to be new for Çorum and 14 for Yozgat. Of these beetles 13 species are here recorded for the first time from the Central Anatolian region. The known ranges of these species are expanded by the new findings
Gerromorpha and leptopodomorpha (Insecta: Heteroptera) fauna of Southwest Anatolia
(2008) Kıyak, Suat; Salur, Ali; Canbulat, Savaş
Bu çalışma, 2000-2002 yılları arasında Güneybatı Anadolu (Antalya, Burdur, Isparta, Denizli, Aydın, Muğla illeri)’da yürütülmüş ve 1627 örnek toplanmıştır. Gerromorpha ve Leptopodomorpha infraordo (Heteroptera)’larına ait 7 familya ve 8 cinse ait 12 tür ve 1 alttür belirlenmiştir. Bunlardan 11 tür ve 1 alttür çalışma alanı için yeni kayıttır. Bu türler: Mesovelia vittigera (Mesovelidae), Hebrus pusillus (Hebridae), Hydrometra stagnorum (Hydrometridae), Velia affinis filippii, V. caprai (Veliidae), familyasına ait Aquarius paludum, Gerris argentatus, G. costae, G. lacustris (Gerridae), Saldula pallipes, S. saltatoria (Saldidae) ve Leptopus marmoratus (Leptopodidae). Her bir türün Türkiye’deki yayılışı da verilmiştir.
Antimicrobial activities, absorption characteristics and tautomeric structures of o,o’-hydroxyazo dyes containing an acryloyloxy group and their chromium complexes
(Hacettepe University, 2012) Alp Avcı, Gülçin; Özkınalı, Sevil; Özlük, Aydın; Avcı, Emre; Kocaokutgen, Hasan
E-1-((2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)diazenyl)naphthalene-2,7-diol’ün ve akrilat türevlerinin ve onların krom komplekslerinin farklı çözücüler, pH ve sıcaklıklardaki UV-VIS davranışları tespit edildi. Çözücü içinde boyalar azo ve hidroazo tautomeric dengede bulundu. Aynı zamanda o,o’-dihydroksi azo boyaları ve krom komplekleri Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeroginosa, Escherichia coli ve Candida albicans antimikrobiyal aktivite açısından test edildi. Boya I genellikle tüm mikroorganizmalar üzerine etkili iken, II, III ve IV’ cü bileşikler P. aeroginosa ve E. coli üzerine daha fazla etkilidir. Boya I hem bakteriler hem de mayalar üzerinde antimikrobiyal etkiye sahip olduğu için, tekstilde lif boyaması ve biyomedikal çalışmalar gibi çeşitli uygulamalarda kullanımı uygun bulunmuştur. Bu boya önemli ölçüde yeni antifungal ilaçların geliştirilmesine yol açabilir.
Turkish wheat landraces: Population structure and function
(2014) Özbek, Özlem
The cultivated tetraploid wheat (Triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccum) was derived from wild wheat in southeast Anatolia at Karacada? Mountain. There is a small core area in the region, where tetraploid wheat and many edible crop plants are cultivated. Settled human civilisation presumably started with wheat cultivation, after which traditional farmers developed landraces from germplasm collected after wheat domestication. Wheat landraces are adapted to different local environmental conditions; therefore, their gene pools display substantial genetic variation and have great potential as source of traits for good quality, resistance to adverse effects of biotic and abiotic stress factors, high yield and can be used to develop modern durum or bread wheat cultivars. Recently, however, high yielding modern wheat varieties are replacing landraces and cultivation areas and production of landraces decreased dramatically. This might lead to the loss or even extinction of landraces with invaluable germplasm. Therefore, in situ and ex situ conservation strategies should be supported to conserve the germplasm of landraces for future food security. Traditional farmers should be supported and encouraged to carry out on-farm conservation of landraces, where natural selection and continued evolution can generate new and more adapted germplasm.
Genetic diversity in populations of Isatis glauca Aucher ex Boiss. ssp. from Central Anatolia in Turkey, as revealed by AFLP analysis
(2013) Özbek, Özlem; Görgülü, Elçin; Yıldırımlı, Şinasi
Background Isatidae L. is a complex and systematically difficult genus in Brassicaceae. The genus displays great morphological polymorphism, which makes the classification of species and subspecies difficult as it is observed in Isatis glauca Aucher ex Boiss. The aim of this study is characterization of the genetic diversity in subspecies of Isatis glauca Aucher ex Boiss. distributed widely in Central Anatolia, in Turkey by using Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) technique. Results Eight different EcoRI-MseI primer combinations produced 805 AFLP loci, 793 (98.5%) of which were polymorphic in 67 accessions representing nine different populations. The data obtained by AFLP was computed with using GDA (Genetic Data Analysis) and STRUCTURE (version 2.3.3) software programs for population genetics. The mean proportion of the polymorphic locus (P), the mean number of alleles (A), the number of unique alleles (U) and the mean value of gene diversity (He) were 0.59, 1.59, 20, and 0.23 respectively. The coancestry coefficient was 0.24. The optimal number of K was identified as seven. The principal component analysis (PCA) explained 85.61% of the total genetic variation. Conclusion Isatis glauca ssp. populations showed a high level of genetic diversity, and the AFLP analysis revealed that high polymorphism and differentiated subspecies could be used conveniently for population genetic studies. The principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) based on the dissimilarity matrix, the dendrogram drawn with UPGMA method and STRUCTURE cluster analysis distinguished the accessions successfully. The accessions formed distinctive population structures for populations AA, AB, E, K, and S. Populations AG1 and AG2 seemed to have similar genetic content, in addition, in both populations several hybrid individuals were observed. The accessions did not formed distinctive population structures for both populations AI and ANP. Consequently, Ankara province might be the area, where species Isatis glauca Aucher ex Boiss. originated. © 2013 Özbek et al.
Temperature effects explain continental scale distribution of cyanobacterial toxins
(MDPI AG, 2018) Mantzouki, Evanthia; Lürling, Miquel; Fastner, Jutta; Domis, Lisette de Senerpont; Wilk-Wozniak, Elzbieta; Koreiviene, Judita; Seelen, Laura; Maraşlıoğlu, Faruk
Insight into how environmental change determines the production and distribution of cyanobacterial toxins is necessary for risk assessment. Management guidelines currently focus on hepatotoxins (microcystins). Increasing attention is given to other classes, such as neurotoxins (e.g., anatoxin-a) and cytotoxins (e.g., cylindrospermopsin) due to their potency. Most studies examine the relationship between individual toxin variants and environmental factors, such as nutrients, temperature and light. In summer 2015, we collected samples across Europe to investigate the effect of nutrient and temperature gradients on the variability of toxin production at a continental scale. Direct and indirect effects of temperature were the main drivers of the spatial distribution in the toxins produced by the cyanobacterial community, the toxin concentrations and toxin quota. Generalized linear models showed that a Toxin Diversity Index (TDI) increased with latitude, while it decreased with water stability. Increases in TDI were explained through a significant increase in toxin variants such as MC-YR, anatoxin and cylindrospermopsin, accompanied by a decreasing presence of MC-LR. While global warming continues, the direct and indirect effects of increased lake temperatures will drive changes in the distribution of cyanobacterial toxins in Europe, potentially promoting selection of a few highly toxic species or strains. © 2018 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
A European Multi Lake Survey dataset of environmental variables, phytoplankton pigments and cyanotoxins
(Nature Publishing Groups, 2018) Mantzouki, Evanthia; Campbell, James; Van Loon, Emiel; Visser, Petra; Konstantinou, Iosif; Antoniou, Maria; Giuliani, Gregory; Maraşlıoğlu, Faruk
Under ongoing climate change and increasing anthropogenic activity, which continuously challenge ecosystem resilience, an in-depth understanding of ecological processes is urgently needed. Lakes, as providers of numerous ecosystem services, face multiple stressors that threaten their functioning. Harmful cyanobacterial blooms are a persistent problem resulting from nutrient pollution and climate-change induced stressors, like poor transparency, increased water temperature and enhanced stratification. Consistency in data collection and analysis methods is necessary to achieve fully comparable datasets and for statistical validity, avoiding issues linked to disparate data sources. The European Multi Lake Survey (EMLS) in summer 2015 was an initiative among scientists from 27 countries to collect and analyse lake physical, chemical and biological variables in a fully standardized manner. This database includes in-situ lake variables along with nutrient, pigment and cyanotoxin data of 369 lakes in Europe, which were centrally analysed in dedicated laboratories. Publishing the EMLS methods and dataset might inspire similar initiatives to study across large geographic areas that will contribute to better understanding lake responses in a changing environment. © The Author(s) 2018.
Water quality assessment of the Pazarsuyu Stream based on epilithic diatom communities
(E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, 2017) Temizel, Bengü; Soylu, Elif Neyran; Maraşlıoğlu, Faruk
The trophic diatom index (TDI) and the biological diatom index (BDI) provide information about the trophic levels in the aquatic ecosystem. The pollution tolerance index (PTI) and saprobic index (SI) use diatoms to assess the health of aquatic ecosystems. We collected epilithic diatoms from the Pazarsuyu Stream located in the Turkish province of Giresun between June 2014 and May 2015 to assess the water quality using the four types of diatom indices which consist of BDI, TDI, PTI, SI. A total of 49 taxa were identified as belonging to the class of Bacillariophyceae. The reference site affected by domestic waste contained Ulnaria ulna (Nitzsch) Compère, Navicula radiosa Kützing and Encyonema minutum (Hilse) D. G. Mann. The water quality of the site had average BDI values ranging between 14.2 and 14.5 and average TDI values between 50 and 54.7, both of which indicate the existence of a mesotrophic environment. However, according to the value of the SI, the studied site was moderately polluted (?-mesosaprobity), whereas PTI values showed that the site was heavily polluted (?-mesosaprobic).
Ultrastructural description of the corpora allata of Pimpla turionellae L. (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae)
(2011) Özlük, Aydın; Gül, Nursel; Muhammed, Ahmed
The corpora allata, are endocrine glands which produced juvenile hormone. In this study, corpora allata of adult females of Pimpla turionellae were examined ultrastructurally by using the transmission electron microscopy. The gland is surrounded with thick fibrous capsule that penetrates into the gland as a stromatal ramification. The ultrastructure of gland cells had the same characteristic of proteinsecreting cells. These cells had oval shaped nuclei, numerous granules, lysosomes, mitochondria and vacuoles. There are granules of electron-dense, electron-modarate and electron-lucent. These granules are actually membrane-limited secretory vesicles which are filled with the proteinaceous hormone produced by the gland cells. Microtubules and mitochondria were observed in the cytoplasm of axons of neurosecretory cells found among the gland cells. © 2011 Academic Journals.
Production of an alkaline protease using Bacillus pumilus D3 without inactivation by SDS, its characterization and purification
(Informa Healthcare, 2014) Özçelik, Burçin; Aytar, Pınar; Gedikli, Serap; Yardımcı, Ezgi; Çalışkan, Figen; Çabuk, Ahmet
In this study, protease-producing capacity of Bacillus pumilus D3, isolated from hydrocarbon contaminated soil, was evaluated and optimized. Optimum growing conditions for B. pumilus D3 in terms of protease production were determined as 1% optimum inoculum size, 35 °C temperature, 11 pH and 48 h incubation time, respectively. Stability studies indicated that the mentioned protease was stable within the pH range of 7-10.5 and between 30 °C and 40 °C temperatures. Surprisingly, the activity of the enzyme increased in the presence of SDS with concentration up to 5 mM. The protease was concentrated 1.6-fold with ammonium sulfate precipitation and dialysis. At least six protein bands were obtained from dialysate by electrophoresis. Four clear protein bands with caseinolytic activity were detected by zymography. Dialysate was further purified by anion-exchange chromatography and the caseinolytic active fraction showed a single band between 29 and 36 kDa of reducing conditions. © 2014 Informa UK Ltd.
An annotated catalogue of the mayfly fauna of Turkey (Insecta, Ephemeroptera)
(Pensoft Publishers, 2016) Salur, Ali; Darılmaz, Mustafa Cemal; Bauernfeind, Ernst
The mayfly fauna of Turkey was reviewed including all hitherto known distribution records together with references and a few new records. Additionally, comments on taxonomy, identification and nomenclature are provided. Two species are new for the Turkish fauna: Ephemera romantzovi Kluge, 1988 and Thraulus thraker Jacob, 1988. A list of taxa including their recorded distribution in Turkey (according to provinces) is provided in the annotated catalogue. The type locality is also given for each species originally described from Turkey. According to the literature and the new records, 157 mayfly taxa representing 33 genera and 14 families were described from Turkey. Among them, 24 species are considered endemic to Anatolia. © Ali Salur et al.
Lectin histochemistry of Agrotis segetum midgut cells and peritrophic membrane
(Gazi University, 2018) Shomali-Moghaddam, Naznoosh; Gül, Nursel; Gökalp Özkorkmaz, Ebru; Özlük, Aydın
Midgut cell and peritrophic membranes of grain pest Agrotis segetum larvae were examined by light microscope. Six biotinylated lectins were used in the assays by applying histochemical methods (Avidin-Biotin-Peroxidase). The aim of this study was to find lectins binding on peritrophic membranes if they were available as insecticidal agents. Results of the study indicated that lectins BPA (Bauhinia purpurea) and GS-I (Griffonia simplicifolia) strongly stained whereas, PNA (Pea Nut Agglutinin) and UEA-1 (Ulex europaeus) moderately stained the tissues. However, WGA (Wheat Germ Agglutinin) and Con-A (Canavalia ensiformis) stained the tissues weakly. The common feature of two binding proteins, BPA and GS-I lectin was binding to D-galactose. Our examinations revealed that D-galactose mostly exists in A. segetum larvae midgut cell membranes and peritrophic membrane and this means BPA and GS-I lectins can be used as insecticidal agents against A. segetum. © 2018, Gazi University Eti Mahallesi. All rights reserved.
The importance of programmed death ligand 1 gene expression, epidermal growth factor receptor gene mutations and serum epidermal growth factor receptor levels in Turkish non-small cell lung cancer patients
(Bayçınar Medical Publishing, 2018) Turna, Akif; Horozoğlu, Cem; Koç Erbaşoğlu, Öncü; Ercan, Şeyda; Küçükhüseyin, Özlem; Turan, Saime; Hakan, Mehmet Tolgahan; Kara, Hasan Volkan; Hekimoğlu, Elvin; Zeybek, Ümit; Coşkunpınar, Ender; Cacına, Canan; Ergen, Arzu; Yaylım, İlhan
Background: This study aims to investigate the possible relationships between epidermal growth factor receptor gene mutations, serum epidermal growth factor receptor levels, programmed death ligand gene expression levels and the risks and survivals of resectable nonsmall cell lung cancer patients. Methods: Deoxyribonucleic acid isolation was performed from peripheral blood samples and tumor tissues. The mutation analysis was performed for epidermal growth factor receptor. Programmed death ligand 1 gene expression levels were examined pathologically and histopathologically following the tissue tracing of 36 non-small cell lung cancer patients (29 males, 7 females; mean age 60.1 years; range, 41 to 79 years) and analyzed using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Epidermal growth factor receptor serum levels were assessed in all patients. Results: As a result of mutation analyses in 21 patients (28.5% of all adenocarcinoma patients), epidermal growth factor receptor mutation was determined in at least one exon in six patients. In epidermal growth factor receptor mutation detected patients, programmed death ligand 1 gene expression levels were associated with lymph node metastasis (p=0.036). However, epidermal growth factor receptor mutations were not statistically significantly associated according to histopathological examination (p>0.05). Of patients carrying exon 20 (c.2303G>T) mutations, 25% had tumors with perineural invasion. There was a statistically significant association between exon 20 insertions and c.2303G>T and lymphatic invasion (p=0.02), lymph node metastasis and exon 20 insertions (p=0.03). Patients with lower serum epidermal growth factor receptor levels (<400 pg/mL) had better survival time than those with higher serum epidermal growth factor receptor levels (p=0.04). Conclusion: Programmed death ligand 1 gene expression and epidermal growth factor receptor mutation might have a combined effect on non-small cell lung cancer. Programmed death ligand 1 gene expression in tumor pathology may also be a significant feature for tumor progression and tumorigenesis. Serum epidermal growth factor receptor levels seem to be associated with survival. ©2018 All right reserved by the Turkish Society of Cardiovascular Surgery.
Littoral epilithic algae of the Ondokuz Mayıs University pond I (Samsun, Turkey)
(Cevkor Vakfi, 2016) Dönmez, Mehmet Ali; Maraşlıoğlu, Faruk
In this study, stone samples with epilithic algae on them were investigated. The samples were collected monthly from one station at Pond I located on the campus of Ondokuz Mayıs University (OMU) between March 2004 and February 2005. The pond contained 55 taxa which were identified as belonging to the Bacillariophyta division. Cymbella silesiaca, C. tumida, Epithemia sorex, Gomphonema olivaceum var. minutissimum, and Navicula perminuta were the most common species in the epilithic algae flora of the pond. Common occurrence of these species in OMU Pond I was indicated that pond water contained calcium and was slightly alkaline. On the stone samples, collected from the pond, was found an abundant diatom community belonging to the alkaline water. Some species connected with the epipelic area were recorded in the epilithic area due to a cover of sediments on the face of the stones. © 2015 Cevkor Vakfi. All rights reserved.

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